铂系金属沉积对高放废液玻璃固化的影响  

Effect of Platinum Group Metals Deposition on Vitrification in High-Level Radioactive Waste

作　　者：段熙雷 刘学阳[1,2] 李霖 钱正华 乔延波[1,2] DUAN Xi-lei;LIU Xue-yang;LI Lin;QIAN Zheng-hua;QIAO Yan-bo(Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201800,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海应用物理研究所,上海201800 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《核化学与放射化学》2023年第1期8-21,共14页Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemistry

摘　　要：高放废液中的钌(Ru)、铑(Rh)、钯(Pd)等铂系金属元素在玻璃固化过程中会发生团聚并沉积在熔炉底部。铂系金属的沉积会导致熔炉内局部的玻璃密度、熔体电导率和黏度发生变化,容易引起焦耳加热陶瓷熔炉的加热电极短路和出料口堵塞等问题,同时对玻璃固化体的质量产生影响。本文基于对国内外有关玻璃固化过程中铂系金属沉积机制及其性能影响研究进展的调研,综述了铂系金属在玻璃熔体中的结晶机理,分析观察其生长、团聚和分布规律;研究了铂系金属对玻璃熔体电导率和黏度影响的机理机制,对影响电导率和黏度的各种因素进行了总结;论述了铂系金属沉积对玻璃固化体核素浸出率的影响;最后提出和归纳了解决玻璃固化过程中铂系金属沉积的办法。Platinum group metal(PGM) elements such as ruthenium(Ru), rhodium(Rh) and palladium(Pd) in the high-level radioactive waste solution will aggregate and deposit at the bottom of the furnace during the process of vitrification. The deposition of PGM will lead to the change of glass density, conductivity and viscosity of melt in the furnace, which will easily cause the short circuit of the heating electrodes and the blockage of the discharge hole in the Joule heated ceramic furnace, and affect the performance of the glass. In this paper, based on the research progress of the deposition mechanism and properties of PGM during the process of vitrification at home and abroad, the crystallization mechanism of PGM in glass melt was reviewed, and the growth, agglomeration and distribution of PGM were analyzed and observed. The mechanism of the influence of PGM on the conductivity and viscosity of glass melt was studied, and the factors affecting the conductivity and viscosity were summarized. The effect of PGM deposition on the leaching rate of glass was discussed. Finally, the solutions about deposition of platinum group metals in the process of vitrification were put forward and summarized.

关 键 词：玻璃固化 铂系金属 电导率 黏度 浸出率 

分 类 号：TL941.11[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]