坡度对地铁区间隧道火灾中人员疏散影响研究  

Influence of slope on pedestrian evacuation in metro tunnel fire

作　　者：张培红[1] 叶成豪 ZHANG Pei-hong;YE Cheng-hao(School of Resources and Civil Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China)

机构地区：[1]东北大学资源与土木工程学院,沈阳110819

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2023年第1期186-192,共7页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51774067)。

摘　　要：为探究地铁区间隧道发生火灾时坡度对人员疏散的影响,运用Pyrosim和Pathfinder软件对区间隧道发生火灾时人员的疏散情况进行数值模拟,分析火灾烟气影响下的人员疏散速度系数,重点研究不同坡度以及不同疏散策略下的人员疏散过程。结果表明:在列车中部发生7.5 MW火灾并紧急停靠在区间隧道中部的情况下,随着坡度的增大,火灾烟气对上坡方向疏散人员的影响逐渐增大,造成人员的疏散速度逐渐减小;当隧道坡度大于1.3%时,与火灾烟气的威胁相比,人员密度对下坡方向人员疏散速度的影响占据主导作用,建议尽量采用往下坡方向疏散的策略;对于坡度小于1.3%的隧道,可同时选择上下坡2个出口疏散。This paper mainly studies the impact of slope on pedestrian evacuation in case of fire in a subway tunnel.First,a full-scale subway tunnel model with 10 gradients(0,0.5%,1%,1.1%,1.2%,1.3%,1.4%,1.5%,2.5%,3.5%)was established by Pyrosim software and fire numerical simulation was carried out.MATLAB was used to analyze the speed coefficient of pedestrian evacuation under the influence of fire situations,and it was imported into Pathfinder software to complete the coupling of fire smoke data in Pyrosim and evacuation data in Pathfinder.Finally,Pathfinder was used to carry out numerical simulations of pedestrian evacuation under multiple exits and single exit conditions.The results show that in the case of 7.5 MW fire in the middle of the train and emergency parking in the middle of the tunnel,with the increase of slope,the influence of fire smoke on the evacuation of pedestrians in the uphill direction gradually increases,and the evacuation speed of pedestrians gradually decreases.When multi-exit evacuation is carried out,the evacuation time gradually decreases from 0%to 1.4%slope.When the tunnel slope is greater than 1.4%,the impact of pedestrian density on evacuation speed in a downhill direction plays a dominant role compared with the threat of fire smoke.For a single exit evacuation,the evacuation time increases first and then significantly decreases with the increase of the slope.When the slope is greater than 1.3%,the chimney effect caused by the slope won't have an impact on the evacuation of people downhill.Therefore,for subway tunnels with a slope greater than 1.3%,it is suggested to adopt the downhill evacuation strategy as far as possible.For tunnels with a slope of less than 1.3%,both uphill and downhill exits can be selected to carry out evacuation as soon as possible.

关 键 词：安全工程 地铁区间隧道 速度系数 烟气流动 疏散时间 隧道火灾 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]