清末民初昆曲工尺谱本“红楼戏”及其传承价值  

The "Red Mansion Opera" of Kunqu Opera’s Gongchi Manuscript at the End of the Qing Dynasty and the Beginning of the Republic of China and its Inheritance Value

作　　者：鲍开恺[1] Bao Kaikai

机构地区：[1]苏州科技大学文学院,江苏苏州215009

出　　处：《南京艺术学院学报（音乐与表演版）》2022年第6期42-46,I0001,共6页Journal of Nanjing Arts Institute:Music & Performance

基　　金：国家社科基金艺术学项目“工尺谱与昆曲传承”(项目编号:20BB021)阶段性成果;江苏省“青蓝工程”优秀青年骨干教师(苏教师函[2021]11号)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：昆曲“红楼戏”的创作高潮紧随小说《红楼梦》的盛行。由于乾嘉以降昆曲市场日渐萧条,舞台演出以折子戏为主,昆曲“红楼戏”曲谱流失严重。清末民初是昆曲工尺谱的高产期,在《集成曲谱》《六也曲谱》等曲谱文献中,共保存昆曲“红楼戏”工尺谱30出,主要以摘锦、重组合刊、单行本三种形式流传。其中,仲振奎《红楼梦传奇》之《葬花》《扇笑》等折,声情谐美,传唱最广;吴镐《红楼梦散套》全谱具存,文律兼美,适合清唱;陈钟麟、石韫玉之作传谱甚罕,瑕瑜互见,偶有佳调;胡孟路《扫红》《乞梅》两出,曲词本色,唱腔醇雅。昆曲“红楼戏”工尺谱具有不容忽视的剧目传承价值,是促进昆曲活态传承、赓续“非遗”艺术命脉的有功之臣。The climax of Kunqu opera "The Red Mansion Opera" followed the popularity of the novel "Dream of the Red Mansions". Due to the gradual depression of the Kunqu opera market since the end of the Qian and Jia periods, the stage performance is dominated by selected scenes, and the loss of Kunqu opera "The Red Mansion Opera" score is grave. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, Kunqu opera gongchipu was in high production. In the music documents such as "Ji Cheng Qu Pu" and "Liu Ye Qu Pu", a total of 30 Kunqu "Red Mansion Opera" gongchipu were preserved, which were mainly circulated in three forms: brocade picking, reorganization and combined publication, and offprint edition. Among them, Zhong Zhenkui’s "Legend of the Dream of Red Mansions", "Burying Flowers" and "Fan Smile" are the most popular songs with beautiful voice and emotion;The complete music of Wu Hao’s "Hong Lou Meng San Tao" is preserved, with both rhythm and beauty,suitable for concert performance. The works of Chen Zhonglin and Shi Yunyu are rarely handed down, and their flaws and merits are seen from each other, with occasional good tunes;Hu Menglu’s "Sweeping the Red" and "Begging the Plum" are two pieces, with the original lyrics and elegant music. Kunqu opera "The Red Mansion Opera" has a repertoire inheritance value that cannot be ignored. It is meritorious to promote the live inheritance of Kunqu opera and continue the artistic lifeline of "Intangible Cultural Heritage".

关 键 词：工尺谱 红楼戏 昆曲传承 《红楼梦传奇》 《集成曲谱》 

分 类 号：J809[艺术—戏剧戏曲] J82[文学—中国文学] I207.3