中国人类学民族学:世界人类学民族学的第五种学术传统  

The Fifth Tradition in World Anthropology and Ethnology: Chinese Anthropology and Ethnology

作　　者：张继焦[1] 吴玥 ZHANG Ji-jiao;WU Yue

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学,北京102488 [2]中国社会科学院,北京100081

出　　处：《青海民族研究》2022年第4期134-144,共11页Qinghai Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社科基金专项研究项目“历史经验与铸牢中华民族共同意识——中华民族共同体的形成和发展研究”(批准号:20VMZ001);国家民委民族研究委托项目“最近10年来中国人类学、民族学的分支学科——兼与国际人类学民族学的比较”(批准号:2020GMI007);中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究基地项目和所重点创新工程项目“中华民族共同体建设背景下民族学人类学学科体系改革与完善研究”(批准号:2022MZSCX006)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：凭借西方人类学理论、古典马克思主义民族学、苏维埃民族学派、中国经验与理论研究等多元学术传统,中国人类学、民族学已经构建起一种具有本国特色的学科体系,继英国、美国、欧洲大陆、苏联等四大研究范式之后融汇成为世界人类学、民族学的第五大学术传统,并展开与国际学术界的对话,逐步凝练出具有中国特色的人类学、民族学理论与方法。作为世界人类学、民族学第五大传统的中国人类学、民族学有如下特点:历经几代学者探索新理论新方法的成果;综合借鉴世界各国人类学、民族学的学术传统,以马克思主义和中国特色社会主义思想为指导原则;以人民为中心,与社会主义现代化建设全方位配套;将历史文献资料和人类学、民族学研究相结合,具有深厚的史学渊源。This paper argues that the academic tradition of Chinese anthropology and ethnology mainly consists of four parts: Western anthropological theories, classical Marxist Ethnology, Soviet Ethnology, and Chinese local empirical studies, in order to clarify Chinese Anthropology and Ethnology in the world academic circles and its characteristics. The authors believe that, by virtue of its diverse academic traditions, Chinese anthropology and ethnology has established an anthropological and ethnological system with its own features. After the four major research paradigms of the United Kingdom, the United States, the European continent, and the Soviet Union, Chinese anthropology and ethnology constitutes the world’s fifth major anthropological academic tradition, and launched a dialogue with the international academic community, thus gradually proposing innovative anthropological and ethnological theories and methods with Chinese characteristics. As the fifth tradition of anthropology and ethnology in the world, Chinese anthropology and ethnology is the result of several generations of scholars exploring new theories and new methods. It takes Marxism and the thought of socialism with Chinese characteristics as its guiding principles, the people as the center, and is fully integrated with the socialist modernization construction. In addition, it also combines historical documents and ethnological research, which has a profound historical origin.

关 键 词：西方人类学理论 古典马克思主义民族学 苏维埃民族学派 中国经验与理论 学术传统 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]