通过小型探鱼无人船探测大型围网养殖区大黄鱼的分布特性  

Distribution detection of Larimichthys crocea cultured in large net-enclosure aquaculture by Small Unmanned Surface Vehicle

作　　者：田玉先 冯德军 张华 桂福坤 曲晓玉 TIAN Yuxian;FENG Dejun;ZHANG Hua;GUI Fukun;QU Xiaoyu(National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,China;School of Naval Architecture and Maritime,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,China;School of Fisheries,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学,国家海洋设施养殖工程技术研究中心,浙江舟山316022 [2]浙江海洋大学船舶与海运学院,浙江舟山316022 [3]浙江海洋大学水产学院,浙江舟山316022

出　　处：《水产学报》2022年第11期2084-2096,共13页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFD0900904);浙江省自然科学基金(LQ18E090005);舟山市“揭榜挂帅”科技攻关计划(2022C01003);浙江省属高校科研院所基本科研业务费(2019J00030)。

摘　　要：为了明确大黄鱼在大型围网养殖区内的分布规律,实验通过集成、构建具备大黄鱼探测以及水温、盐度、光照、pH、溶解氧等海洋环境探测功能的小型探鱼无人船,并在浙江省舟山市桃花岛大黄鱼围网养殖基地内开展了6次现场监测。结果发现,(1)在水平范围,大黄鱼主要分布在大型围网养殖区内礁石丰富且水流相对较缓的区域;(2)在垂直范围,大黄鱼主要分布在加权相对深度0.6~0.9的养殖海区中下层;(3)围网养殖海区内温度、盐度、pH、溶解氧等海洋环境条件整体变化较小,大黄鱼往往分布在光照强度分别为(5 921±2 702)、(50 799±50 988)、(5 990±542)、(3 494±695)、(6 836±4 761)及(15 395±5 531)lx等相对较弱的区域。本实验首次通过小型探鱼无人船系统研究了围网养殖区内大黄鱼的分布特性及相应的海洋环境因子对其分布的影响,结果为大黄鱼围网养殖区的操作平台选址、投喂管理、起网设计等提供了依据。Larimichthys crocea is one of the four traditional marine economic fishes in China. It is rich in protein,vitamins and unsaturated fatty acids. It is a high-quality marine aquatic product and the main cultured fish species in China. The main aquaculture methods of L. crocea are nearshore net cage, offshore net cage and net enclosure in shallow sea. Among them, the large-scale net-enclosure aquaculture is a newly developed high-end marine aquaculture mode in recent years. Several net-enclosure facilities have been constructed in Shandong province,Fujian Province and other places in China for advantages in providing the right conditions for growth which are closer to the original environment for fishes. However, it is difficult to precisely determine the positions of the fishes and to feed and harvest L. crocea for large aquaculture spaces. Therefore, it is of great significance in application to study the distribution characteristics of L. crocea in large-scale net-enclosure aquaculture. In order to obtain the distribution characteristics of L. crocea in the large-scale net-enclosure aquaculture area, a multi-function Small Unmanned Surface Vehicle equipped with the sensors of sonar fish detector, temperature, salinity, pH,illumination and dissolved oxygen has been successfully developed. The fish detector(DE-FR01 200 kHz) consisted of the single beam energy converter which can integrate transmitting and receiving ultrasonic signals. The working principle is that the acoustic signal transmitted by the energy converter propagates in water, when encountering the medium different from water, part of the signal will be reflected back. According to the time interval between of signal transmission and receiving, it can be used to measure the distance between the target and the energy converter, then analyze and process the echo signal strength(hardness), and through 4G-Network communicates with shore-based system. Finally, the depth and hardness of the target are displayed in the software control terminal. Several field

关 键 词：大黄鱼 水产养殖 分布特性 鱼类行为 探鱼无人船 

分 类 号：S951.4[农业科学—水产养殖]