潮滩生物-物理互馈机制与系统稳态效应研究进展  

Advances in biophysical feedbacks and the resulting stable states in tidal flat systems

作　　者：张荷悦 周怡 孙涛[2] 曹浩冰 周曾 Heyue Zhang;Yi Zhou;Tao Sun;Haobing Cao;Zeng Zhou(State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;School of Environment,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coast Ocean Resources Development and Environment Security,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学,水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,南京210098 [2]北京师范大学环境学院,北京100875 [3]河海大学,江苏省海岸海洋资源开发与环境安全重点实验室,南京210098

出　　处：《科学通报》2023年第5期457-468,共12页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U1806217,41976156);江苏省优秀青年基金(BK20200077);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(B220202077)资助。

摘　　要：潮滩是海岸湿地系统的重要组成部分,在维持海岸生态系统健康、抵御海岸自然灾害、蓝碳固存等方面发挥着重要作用.潮滩为多种生物提供适宜生长环境的同时,不同类型生物也通过改变水、沙过程影响潮滩地貌演化与系统稳态.本文归纳了盐沼植被、底栖微藻对潮滩水动力、泥沙运动过程的生物-物理效应,提出了描述潮滩生物与泥沙在时间、空间尺度上反馈过程的概化动力学模型,分析了生物-物理互馈时间累积驱动下潮滩系统双稳态及稳态突变理论特性,总结了潮滩生物与周围物理条件空间自组织作用下的地貌形态形成机制,探讨了潮滩系统层面的连续性现场观测、生物种间作用对生物-物理互馈过程的调节,以及外界扰动下潮滩生物地貌系统稳态突变阈值定量模拟等方面仍面临的科学问题.As an integral part of the coastal wetland system,tidal flats play an important role in maintaining the health of coastal ecosystems,resisting natural coastal disasters,and blue carbon sequestration.Tidal flats can provide suitable habitats for a variety of organisms;simultaneously,such organisms mediate hydrodynamic and sediment processes,hence affecting the geomorphic evolution and stability of tidal flat systems.In recent years,tidal flat systems have faced the comprehensive impacts of rapid human activities,frequent storm surges,and reduced sediment availabilities,which have aggravated tidal flat erosion.Severe erosion is accompanied by a critical biomass loss,especially under complex biological-physical interactions.Tidal flat degradation is often amplified,threatening the stability of tidal flat systems.The ultimate goal of ecological protection and restoration of tidal flat systems is to establish a self-sustaining method with less artificial assistance.To date,only a few ecological restoration projects in China have considered the integration of biological and physical processes in tidal flats.The most important reason is the lack of understanding of the basic laws of natural construction and operation of the systems.Therefore,understanding and giving way to the self-organization process driven by the biophysical interactions in tidal flat systems have become an important scientific and technical necessity in the ecological protection and restoration of tidal flats.First,we summarized the biophysical effects of salt marsh vegetation and benthic microalgae on the hydrodynamic and sediment movement process of tidal flats.Salt marsh plants and benthic microalgae change the hydrodynamic and sediment processes through wave dissipation and sediment stabilization.Conversely,the changing physical conditions affect the growth and development of salt marsh and benthic microalgae.Second,we qualitatively analyzed the bistability and catastrophic shift of a tidal flat system driven by the salt marshsediment and benthi

关 键 词：潮滩 盐沼植被 底栖微藻 生物-物理效应 地貌演变 系统稳态 

分 类 号：P748[天文地球—海洋科学] X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]