未竟的“繁简分流”改革--兼评2021年《民事诉讼法》修改  

The Unfinished Reform of the“Diversion of Complicated and Simple Procedure”:Comments on the Amendment to the Civil Procedure Law in 2021

作　　者：陈杭平[1] Chen Hangping

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《中国社会科学院大学学报》2023年第1期34-54,157,共22页Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

摘　　要：我国民事诉讼程序从粗略、笼统且以促进当事人调解为目标的“一统”结构,逐渐演进到“先简易程序(其下以速裁程序、小额诉讼程序优先),后普通程序”的“链状”结构。这是本次“繁简分流”改革的起点。此次修法的改革目标是实现多种程序平行并列的“多轨”结构,实现简案快办、繁案精办。遗憾的是,2021年《民事诉讼法》修改未能实现诉讼程序从“链状”向“多轨”的结构转型,反而存在向新“一统”结构回归的可能。未来的改革重点应聚焦于两个方面:在立案时以简便、可操作的方法识别案件的繁简,实现“分(案)”;根据独立的理念、逻辑设置不同的程序轨道,案件在各自轨道上推进并导向结案,实现“流(出)”China's civil procedure has gradually evolved from a“unitary”structure,which is rough,general and aimed at promoting the conciliation between the parties,to a“chain-like”structure:“the summary procedure,under which priority is given to the expedited adjudication procedure and the small claims procedure,is followed by the simple procedure”.This is the starting point for the current reform of the“diversion of complicated and simple procedure”.The goal of the amendment is to accomplish the“multi-track”structure of parallel multiple procedures,in order to actualize the quick trial of simple cases and intensive trial of complex cases.Unfortunately,not only did the amendment to the Civil Procedure Law in 2021 fail to practice the structural transformation of litigation procedure from“chain-like”to“multi-track”,but it could have the possibility of returning to the new“unitary”structure.Based on this,the future reform should focus on two aspects:realizing“the division(of cases)”by identifying the complexity with simple and feasible methods when filing a case and achieving the goal of“concluding(the case)”by setting different procedure tracks according to independent concepts and logic,with the cases pushed on their respective tracks and guided to be closed.

关 键 词：繁简分流 简易程序 速裁程序 小额诉讼程序 普通程序独任审 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]