智能蜂箱在设施农业授粉蜂群中的应用研究  

Using smart beehives to monitor the health of honeybee colonies pollinating agricultural crops

作　　者：刘绿峰 王颖[1] 王红芳[1] 路云涛 刘振国[1] 胥保华[1] LIU Lu-Feng;WANG Ying;WANG Hong-Fang;LU Yun-Tao;LIU Zhen-Guo;XU Bao-Hua(College of Animal Science and Technology,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018,China;Agricultural Information Institute of CAAS,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学动物科技学院,泰安271018 [2]中国农业科学院,农业信息研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《应用昆虫学报》2022年第6期1325-1335,共11页Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology

基　　金：泰山产业领军人才项目(LJNY202003);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-44);泰安市科技特派员项目(2020TPY014)。

摘　　要：【目的】以意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera ligustica为研究对象,通过将蜜蜂转至草莓大棚进行试验,运用智能蜂箱采集蜜蜂在草莓大棚内的日常活动数据,以探究蜜蜂在设施农业环境下影响其健康状况的因素。【方法】利用智能蜂箱监测蜜蜂进出巢数量、蜂巢温湿度、蜂脾重量、声音和蜂群群势等数据变化,为了减少误差对获得的数据进行归一化处理。【结果】在大棚环境中蜂群的重量呈明显的下降趋势,重量损失甚至超过50%。蜂巢内每天平均温度稳定在10-20℃之间,昼夜温差大,不同大棚巢内湿度差距很大,巢内温湿度并不是蜂群生存的最佳环境。蜂群进出量的变化趋势相似,但变化幅度有差别且蜂群进出量最高的大棚相较其他大棚高出2.67-2.83倍。巢内声音变化趋势相似,随着试验时间的延长声音逐渐增强。【结论】大棚环境并不是蜜蜂生存的最佳环境,反季节大棚果蔬种植环境对授粉蜂群的健康有不利影响。本研究对开展设施农业中蜂群健康状况研究具有一定指导意义。[Objectives]To investigate the health of honeybees in a strawberry greenhouse. [Methods]Italian honeybees Apis mellifera ligustica were the study species. We used smart beehives situated in a strawberry greenhouse as a monitoring tool to obtain data on the number of bees entering and leaving the hive, the temperature and humidity of the hive, the honeycomb weight, the volume of sound produced by colonies and colony potential. All data were normalized before analysis.[Results]The weight of bee colonies decreased significantly by > 50% over the course of the study. The average daily temperature of hives was between 10 and 20℃ in all three greenhouses. There was, however, a large temperature difference between day and night, and humidity varied considerably between greenhouses. The temperature and humidity recorded in hives were not ideal for colony health and survival. The trend in the number of bees entering and leaving hives was similar, but the range was different. In one greenhouse 2.67-2.83 times more bees entered and left hives than in the other greenhouses. The change in the volume of sound produced by colonies was similar;volume gradually increased over the duration of the experiment. [Conclusion]The greenhouse environment is not an ideal environment for honey bees, and the off-season fruit and vegetable cultivation environment in greenhouses has adverse effects on the health of honeybee colonies. These findings lay a foundation for improving the health of honeybees used for pollination purposes in greenhouses.

关 键 词：设施农业 智能蜂箱 授粉 蜂群 蜂群健康状态 

分 类 号：S897.3[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]