GLAST与神经系统疾病的研究进展  

Research progress of GLAST and nervous system diseases

作　　者：吴芳杉 马科锋 崔博 WU Fangshan;MA Kefeng;CUI Bo(Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine,Academy of Military Medical Sciences,Academy of Military Sciences,Tianjin 300050,China;School of Public Health,Weifang Medical University,Weifang 261053)

机构地区：[1]军事科学院军事医学研究院环境医学与作业医学研究所,天津300050 [2]潍坊医学院公共卫生学院,山东潍坊261053

出　　处：《中国比较医学杂志》2023年第1期119-124,共6页Chinese Journal of Comparative Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(81673136);军事医学研究院创新基金(2018CXJJ05)。

摘　　要：谷氨酸是中枢神经系统主要的兴奋性神经递质。生理情况下,谷氨酸发挥信号传导等重要功能;病理情况下,细胞外谷氨酸异常堆积,易造成细胞毒性水肿、神经元变性死亡等一系列兴奋性毒性损伤,导致各种神经系统疾病,如帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病、癫痫、视网膜损伤和听力损失等。谷氨酸-天冬氨酸转运蛋白(glutamate-aspartate transporter,GLAST)作为主要的兴奋性谷氨酸转运蛋白之一,可以维持谷氨酸浓度使其呈最适细胞外水平,防止谷氨酸在突触间隙堆积产生兴奋性毒性。本篇综述对GLAST在神经系统疾病的研究进展进行了归纳,以便增加对GLAST相关机制的了解。Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.Under physiological conditions,glutamate plays an important role in signal transduction.Under pathological conditions,abnormal accumulation of extracellular glutamate can easily cause a series of excitotoxic injuries such as cytoxic edema,degeneration and death of neurons,leading to various nervous system diseases such as Parkinson’s disease,Alzheimer’s disease,epilepsy,retinal damage,and hearing loss.Glutamate-aspartate transporter(GLAST)is one of the main excitatory glutamate transporters that maintains the concentration of glutamate at the optimal extracellular level,which prevents glutamate from accumulating in the synaptic space to produce excitotoxicity.This review clarifies the research progress of GLAST in nervous system diseases to understand GLAST-related mechanisms.

关 键 词：谷氨酸 兴奋性毒性 谷氨酸-天冬氨酸转运蛋白 神经系统疾病 

分 类 号：R-33[医药卫生]