地铁隧道穿西安地裂缝的研究进展及“先盾后扩”法的应用展望  

Research Progress of Subway Tunnel Passing Through Xi′an Ground Fracture and Application Prospect of "Shield Tunnelling before Expansion" Method

作　　者：来弘鹏[1] 姚毅[1] 高强 康佐 LAI Hongpeng;YAO Yi;GAO Qiang;KANG Zuo(School of Highway,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710064;Guangzhou Metro Design Institute Co,Ld,Guangzhou 510010;Xi'an Rail Transit Group Co,Ltd,Xi'an 710018)

机构地区：[1]长安大学公路学院,西安710064 [2]广州地铁设计研究院股份有限公司,广州510010 [3]西安市轨道交通集团有限公司,西安710018

出　　处：《现代隧道技术》2023年第1期23-33,46,共12页Modern Tunnelling Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51978064);广州地铁设计研究院股份有限公司科技项目(KY-2020-003);西安市轨道交通集团有限公司科技项目(D15-YJ-152021006)。

摘　　要：西安地裂缝是一种几乎覆盖整个市域范围的黄土地区典型地质灾害,其蠕变活动严重危害地铁隧道安全,是地铁建设面临的一个重大技术难题。结合西安地铁十几年的地裂缝防治经验,从地裂缝分布及活动特征、地铁面临的危害、设防理念与措施、设防参数、设防结构营运情况等方面进行了系统性梳理,着重分析了常规“暗挖+盾构空推”工法存在的问题,并提出了一种“先盾后扩”新型建造技术。主要结论如下:(1)地铁隧道穿地裂缝段的常规建造工法涉及竖井及横通道开挖、CRD法人工作业、盾构空推等一系列复杂流程,设防必要性及现有建造技术复杂性之间的矛盾严重制约了西安地铁建设进程;(2)给出了“先盾后扩”新工法的建造流程、需解决的问题及工程应用前景;(3)“先盾后扩”法通过结构及工法优化,确保了盾构作业的连续性,避免盾构洞内始发及接收,进而在同等设防参数条件下减小设防断面,是实现地铁隧道便捷、低成本穿地裂缝段的一次重要探索与尝试。Xi′an ground fracture is a typical geological disaster in the loess area, which covers almost the whole urban area. Its creep activity seriously endangers the safety of subway tunnels, which is a major technical problem in subway construction. Based on the ground fracture prevention and control experience of Xi′an Metro for more than ten years, this paper systematically sorts out the distribution and activity characteristics of ground fractures, the hazards faced by the metro, the concept and measures of fortification, the fortification parameters, the operation of fortification structures, etc. It focuses on the analysis of the problems existing in the conventional construction method of "mined excavation + shield stepping", and puts forward a new construction technology of "shield tunnelling before expansion". The main conclusions are as follows:(1) The conventional construction method of metro passing through a ground fracture section involves a series of complex processes such as shaft and cross passage excavation, manual operation with CRD method, shield stepping, etc. The contradiction between the necessity of fortification and the complexity of existing construction technology seriously restricts the construction process of the Xi′ an metro.(2) The construction process, problems to be solved and engineering application prospects of the new construction method of "shield tunnelling before expansion" are given.(3) The "shield tunnelling before expansion" method ensures the continuity of shield operation, avoids the launching and receiving in the shield tunnel, and then reduces the fortification section under the same fortification parameters through the optimization of structure and construction method,which is an important exploration and attempt to realize the convenient and low-cost ground fracture section of the subway tunnel.

关 键 词：地铁隧道 西安地裂缝 工程设防 建造技术 “先盾后扩”法 

分 类 号：U231[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]