毛乌素沙地流动沙丘不同沙障组合措施的防风固沙效益评价  

Benefit evaluation of wind prevention and sand fixation under the combined measures of sand barrier in mobile dunes in Mu Us sandy land

作　　者：石麟 李红悦 赵雨兴 任余艳 何金军 于凤强 哈斯额尔敦 SHI Lin;LI Hongyue;ZHAO Yuxing;REN Yuyan;HE Jinjun;YU Fengqaing;Eerdun Hasi(Ordos Research Institute of Forestry and Grassland Science,Ordos 017010,Inner Mongolia,China;Beijing Guangqumen Middle School,Beijing 100001,China;Ordos forestry and Grassland Development Center,Ordos 017010,Inner Mongolia,China;School of Natural Resources,Faculty of Geographic Sciences Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]鄂尔多斯市林业和草原科学研究所,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017010 [2]北京市广渠门中学,北京100001 [3]鄂尔多斯市林业和草原事业发展中心,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017010 [4]北京师范大学地理科学学部自然资源学院,北京100875

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2023年第2期268-279,共12页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0500805);科技兴蒙重大专项课题(KJXM-EEDS-2020006)。

摘　　要：为了解毛乌素沙地沙柳再生沙障、聚乳酸(PLA)沙袋沙障和草绳沙障配置固沙植物种组合措施下的防风固沙效益,通过对各类组合措施下不同高度处风速、近地表输沙量、障内蚀积形态的测定,对比分析了不同材料、坡位、规格下几种沙障组合措施的防风固沙效益。结果表明:(1)1 m×1 m规格沙柳再生沙障、草绳沙障组合措施下降低近地表风速效能最大,可达80.29%、78.49%,3 m×3 m规格的草绳、PLA沙障组合措施下防风效能仅为58.14%、57.88%;(2)输沙率降低率表现为:沙柳>草绳>PLA,且呈随规格增加而减小的趋势,其中沙柳再生沙障组合措施阻沙效果较稳定,其他2种稳定性较差;(3)各类措施下障内微地形主要受NW~NNW风向控制,不同类沙障材料障内形态特征不同,整体以侵蚀为主,草绳沙障组合措施障内相对侵蚀深度最大,PLA沙障措施下次之,沙柳沙障措施下表现为以-10~5 cm区间侵蚀深度范围为主的弱蚀积状态,但相对侵蚀深度范围均呈随规格增大、坡位增加而减小的趋势。综合分析认为,沙柳再生沙障配以撒播固沙植物种的人工固沙植被体系最为稳定,防风固沙效益最优,为毛乌素沙地较为适宜的流动沙丘沙障促进植被恢复治理技术措施,其余组合措施可视沙障材料获取难易、运输条件以及流沙环境和治理目的适当采用。The benefits of wind and sand control under the combined measures of sand-fixing plant species with regenerative sand barriers of Salix mongolica,polylactic acid(PLA)sandbags,and straw rope sand barriers in the Mu Us sandy land was studied.The wind speed,near-surface sand transport,and erosion pattern inside the barrier were measured at different heights under various combinations of measures,and the benefits of several sand barrier and combined measures under different materials,slope positions,and specifications were compared and analyzed.The results showed wind speed reduction was highest for the 1 m×1 m S.mongolica regenerative sand barrier and straw rope sand barrier(up to 80.29%and 78.49%).The effectiveness of wind prevention for the 3 m×3 m combination of straw rope and PLA sand barriers was 58.14%and 57.88%,respectively.The reduction rate of sand transport was as follows:S.mongolica>straw rope>PLA,and the trend increased with the specification.The sand-blocking effect of S.mongolica regeneration sand barrier combined measures is more stable,while the other two measures are less stable.The microtopography inside the barrier is mainly controlled by the wind direction from NW to NNW under various measures,and the morphological characteristics varies with the type of sand barrier material.The overall erosion is dominant,and the relative depth of erosion in the barrier is the largest for straw rope sand barriers combination,and the PLA barrier is the next,and the S.mongolica regeneration sand barrier is weakly eroded in the range of-10-5 cm,but the relative depth of erosion decreases with the increase of specification and slope.Comprehensive analysis shows that the artificial sand fixation vegetation system of Salix mongolica sand barrier combined with sowing sand fixation plant species is the most stable,with the best benefit of wind prevention and sand fixation,and is a more suitable mobile sand dune sand barrier in Mu Us sandy land.It is a more suitable technical measure for flowing dune sand barriers to

关 键 词：流动沙丘 沙障 组合措施 防风固沙 毛乌素沙地 

分 类 号：S775[农业科学—森林工程]