现代俄语兼类词研究  

A Study of Heterosemous Lexemes in Modern Russian

作　　者：王仁强[1] WANG Renqiang

机构地区：[1]四川外国语大学词典学研究所,重庆400031

出　　处：《外国语文》2023年第1期83-93,共11页Foreign Languages and Literature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“超学科视域下的分析语词类问题实证研究”(15BYY169)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：作为印欧语系中形态发达的斯拉夫语,现代俄语常被认为缺乏兼类词,但前人主要从转类构词角度对语法多功能现象进行思辨研究,缺乏大数据的实证调查。本文基于双层词类范畴化理论,自建“《俄语详解词典》(第四版)词类标注数据库”,对现代俄语概括词的兼类现状进行调查。调查发现:(1)现代俄语中兼类词的数量很少,共311个,占0.49%;(2)兼类词的类型较多,共43种,其中33种为首次发现;(3)概括词最大兼类数达到五类;(4)作为词类叠加的兼类现象是人类语言的共性,但在现代俄语中名形兼类词最为凸显。本文一方面证实或证伪了前人相关假设,另一方面也深化并细化了语言类型学视野的词类研究。It is often assumed that heterosemous/multi-category lexemes are infrequent in Modern Russian,an Indo-European language(Slavic)with rich morphology.Previous studies concerning multifunctionality in Modern Russian are mostly speculative,focusing on conversion,and there is a lack of empirical studies on the status quo of multi-category lexemes in Russian.From the perspective of the Two-Level Lexical Categorization Theory,this paper aims to conduct a survey of multi-category lexemes in Modern Russian through a DIY database ofТолковыйсловарьрусскогоязыка(4thed.).It is found that:(1)there are 311 multi-category lexemes in Russian,amounting to 0.49%of all lexemes in the Dictionary;(2)there are 43 types of multi-category lexemes in Russian,among which 33 types are discovered for the first time;(3)a lexeme in Russian can belong to as many as 5 word classes;(4)as the superposition of word classes,multiple class membership or heterosemy is a common feature of human language,in that those lexemes belonging to nouns and adjectives are the most prominent in Modern Russian.This paper confirms or falsifies the relevant assumptions of previous studies,thus deepening the research on word classes from the perspective of linguistic typology.

关 键 词：俄语 兼类词 牛顿思维 量子思维 

分 类 号：H356[语言文字—俄语]