干热河谷陷穴形态特征及成因分析  

Analysis of morphological characteristics and causes of the sink holes in dry-hot valley

作　　者：徐婷 杨丹[1,2,3] 舒成强 冯建平 张斌 蒋良群[1,2,3] XU Ting;YANG Dan;SHU Chengqiang;FENG Jianping;ZHANG Bing;JIANG liangqun(School of Geographical Sciences,China West Normal University,Nanchong 637009;Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Monitoring and Control for Soil Erosion in Dry Valleys,China West Normal University,Nanchong 637009;Liangshan Soil Erosion and Ecological Restoration in Dry Valleys Observation and Research Station,Xide 616753,China)

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学地理科学学院,南充637009 [2]西华师范大学四川省干旱河谷土壤侵蚀监测与控制工程实验室,南充637009 [3]大小凉山干旱河谷土壤侵蚀与生态修复野外科学观测研究站,喜德616753

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2023年第2期142-149,共8页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41807075);西华师范大学英才基金项目(17YC120);西华师范大学国家级一般培育项目(17C034);西华师范大学博士启动基金(14E003)资助。

摘　　要：陷穴是干热河谷常见潜蚀地貌的类型之一,对侵蚀沟发育及工程建设均具有重要影响。为刻画干热河谷区陷穴的形态特征并探索其影响因素,文中基于野外实地调查,在建立陷穴形态指标体系的基础上,运用数理统计等方法分析了陷穴的平面及剖面形态特征,同时综合分析了土层性质、地形、气候等因素对陷穴发育的影响。结果表明:1)干热河谷典型陷穴平面形态以圆形和椭圆形为主,平面面积相对较小,但其形态复杂程度差异较大。2)陷穴主要以侧蚀为主,下蚀为辅,且剖面形态大都为U型,其中长轴剖面以上倾型为主,短轴剖面以右倾型为主。3)地层的层间差异,土壤的强崩性以及强分散性相似,为干热河谷以及黄土高原上陷穴的下伏的潜蚀管道提供了条件,使得两地陷穴的发育过程相似,从而导致平面形态相似;而影响两地陷穴发育的节理裂隙的主要类型不同,使得其发育规模有所差异;此外,干热河谷的地形和气候通过改变水动力条件直接或间接的影响着陷穴剖面形态的变化。文中研究结果有助于深入认识干热河谷陷穴的形态规律及其形成机制,为陷穴治理提供科学基础。Sink holes are one of the common types of tunnel erosion landforms in dry-hot valley and have an important impact on gully development and engineering construction.In order to characterize the morphological features and explore the factors influencing sink holes in dry-hot valley,the planar and profile morphological features as well as influencing factor including stratigraphic,soil layer properties and climate,have been analyzed based on a series of field survey and detailed mathematical statistics.The results showed that:1)The flatness of typical sink holes in dry-hot valley are mainly featured with round or oval.The sink holes are relatively small in planar scale and very different in morphological complexity.2)The development of sink holes is dominated by lateral erosion,supplemented by downward erosion,and the profile morphology of sink holes is mainly U-shaped.In addition,the major-axis profile is mainly upward-tilted,and the minor-axis profile is mainly right-titled.3)The interstratigraphic differences and the similarity of the strong crumbling and dispersion of the soils provide the conditions for the subduction pipeline of the sink holes in the dry-hot valley and the loess plateau,making the development process of the sink holes in both places similar to each other,which leads to similar planar morphology.While the main types of joints and fissures affecting the development of the sink holes in both places are different,it makes the scale of their development different.In addition,the topography and climate of the dry thermal valley directly or indirectly affect the morphology of the trap profiles by changing the hydrodynamic conditions.The study is helpful to gain a deeper understanding about the morphological pattern of the dry-hot valley sink holes and their formation mechanism,and provides a scientific basis for sink holes management.

关 键 词：陷穴 形态特征 成因分析 干热河谷 

分 类 号：P642[天文地球—工程地质学]