不同干燥方法对林下参品质的影响  

Effects of Different Drying Methods on the Quality of Ginseng in Forest

作　　者：赖文 杨利民[1] 韩佳宏[1] 刘芳菲 马嘉欣 蔡恩博[1] 韩梅[1] Lai Wen;Yan Limin;Han Jiahong;Liu Fangfei;Ma Jiaxin;Cai Enbo;Han Mei(College of Chinese Medicinal Materials,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学中药材学院,吉林长春130118

出　　处：《中国野生植物资源》2023年第2期62-68,共7页Chinese Wild Plant Resources

基　　金：吉林省重大科技专项(20200504002YY);吉林省教育厅产业化研究项目(JJKH20220374CY);现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-21)。

摘　　要：目的:通过研究林下参不同干燥方法的干燥过程和对林下参物理性质及其皂苷类成分的影响,为林下参提供适宜干燥方法。方法:采用热风干燥、微波干燥、真空冷冻干燥3种干燥方法,对林下参的干燥时间、外观性状、体积收缩率、主根和芦的直径和长度收缩率、表皮和粉末的色泽及内在成分(总皂苷和8种单体皂苷)含量等指标进行分析评价。结果:微波干燥耗时最短,其次为真空冷冻干燥和热风干燥;真空冷冻干燥对林下参的外形和粉末色泽影响小,并且与热风干燥林下参的外观性状和微波干燥林下参的粉末色泽区别明显;真空冷冻干燥林下参和微波干燥林下参的体积、主根长和直径、芦长的收缩率小于热风干燥林下参,具显著差异;真空冷冻干燥林下参的表皮色差增长率最小;总皂苷含量、人参单体皂苷含量加和值、人参二醇型皂苷和人参三醇型皂苷含量的均值大小顺序为真空冷冻干燥林下参>微波干燥林下参>热风干燥林下参。结论:真空冷冻干燥较好的保留了林下参的形态和色泽,且真空冷冻干燥林下参人参皂苷含量高,真空冷冻干燥林下参具高附加值,综合考虑,真空冷冻干燥可以作为生产高档商品林下参的干燥方法。Objective:By studying the drying process of different drying methods and their effects on the physical properties and saponins of ginseng in forest, we can provide suitable drying methods for ginseng in forest.Methods:Three drying methods including hot air drying, microwave drying and vacuum freeze drying were used to analyze and evaluate the drying time, appearance characteristics, volume shrinkage, diameter and length shrinkage of taproot and reed, skin and powder color and internal components(total saponins and 8 monomer saponins) of ginseng in forest. Results:Microwave drying takes the shortest time, followed by vacuum freeze drying and hot air drying. Vacuum freeze drying has little effect on the appearance and powder color of ginseng in forest, which is obviously different from that of hot air drying and microwave drying. The volume, main root length and diameter, and the contraction rate of reed length of ginseng in forest under vacuum freeze dring and microwave dring were significantly lower than those of the ginseng under hot air dring;And the growth rate of skin color difference of ginseng in forest under vacuum freeze drying was the smallest. The order of total saponin content, the sum of ginsenoside content, the average value of panaxadiol saponins and panaxatriol saponins is vacuum freeze drying ginseng in forest > microwave drying ginseng in forest > hot air drying ginseng in forest.Conclusion:Vacuum freeze drying can keep the shape and color of ginseng in forest, and the content of ginsenosides in ginseng in forest is high, and the vacuum freeze drying of ginseng in forest has high added value. In comprehensive consideration, vacuum freeze drying can be used as a drying method to produce high-grade commercial ginseng in forest.

关 键 词：林下参 干燥 真空冷冻干燥 人参皂苷 

分 类 号：R282.4[医药卫生—中药学]