白蜡属植物的开花特性和动态观察  

Flowering Characteristics and Dynamic Observation of Three Varieties of Fraxinus

作　　者：燕丽萍[1] 刘翠兰[1] 王因花[1] 李丽[1] 刘蓉 吴德军[1] YAN Liping;LIU Cuilan;WANG Yinhua;LI Li;LIU Rong;WU Dejun(Shandong Provincial Academy of Forestry/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetic Improvement,Jinan 250014;Yantai Institute China Agricultural University,Yantai,Shandong,264670)

机构地区：[1]山东省林业科学研究院/山东省林木遗传改良重点实验室,济南250014 [2]中国农业大学烟台研究院,山东烟台264670

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第4期23-30,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：山东省良种工程项目“高抗盐绿化树种突破性新品种选育”(2019LZGC009);山东省重点研发计划项目“盐诱导的钙调素结合转录因子耐盐分子设计研究”(2019GNC106143)。

摘　　要：研究花器官形态结构和开花特性,为白蜡授粉受精提供理论依据。本研究选取了3个白蜡品种(‘鲁蜡2号’、‘鲁蜡5号’和‘金箭’),对其开花特性、花器官构造进行观察。结果表明,白蜡品种雄株花期为11~13天,开花时间比雌株早13~15天;雌株‘鲁蜡2号’的花期为5~6天。3个白蜡品种的小花密集,开花后苞片2裂,花萼钟状4深裂,无花冠。雄花开花后露出舟形花药,花丝极短。雌花苞片开裂后露出雌蕊,柱头成熟时两裂,呈粉红色,花柱极短。扫描电镜下的3个白蜡品种苞片和花萼表面均有盾毛分布,不同品种间盾毛的形态有差异;‘金箭’、‘鲁蜡5号’的花药与花粉结构无显著差异;‘鲁蜡2号’整个雌蕊表面都有不规则褶皱分布。本研究可为进一步开展白蜡属植物的育种和种质资源创新利用研究提供参考。The objective of this paper is to study the flower morphological structure and flowering characteristics of Fraxinus,and to provide a theoretical basis for its pollination and fertilization.In this paper,three varieties of Fraxinus(‘Lu la No.2’,‘Lu la No.5’and‘Jinjian’)were selected to observe their flowering characteristics and morphological structure of flower.The results show that the flowering period of male plants of Fraxinus is 11-13 days,which is 13-15 days earlier than that of female plants.The flowering period of the female plants of‘Lu la No.2’is only 5-6 days.The small flowers of the 3 Fraxinus varieties are dense without corolla.Their bracts become 2 lobes after flowering,and the calyx is bell-shaped with 4 deep lobes.The male flowers reveal boat-shaped anthers and extremely short filaments accompanying their blooming.The female flower reveals the pistils after its bracts are cracked and its stigma is split into two at maturity and becomes pink,and its peduncle is extremely short.Shield hairs are observed on the bracts and calyx surface of the three Fraxinus varieties under scanning electron microscope,and the morphology of shield hairs differs between different varieties.The anther and pollen structure are not significantly different between‘Jinjian’and‘Lu la No.5’.There are significantly irregular folds on the entire pistil surface of‘Lu la No.2’.The study lays a foundation for further research on the breeding of Fraxinus and the innovative utilization of Fraxinus germplasm resources.

关 键 词：白蜡属 花器官 开花特性 扫描电镜 

分 类 号：S722.3[农业科学—林木遗传育种]