“既丧酆镐”:《史记》的两周之际历史书写及其深意  

Loss of Feng and Hao:the Historical Writing of the Western and Eastern Zhou Dynasties in the Historical Records and Its Profound Meaning

作　　者：张若琪 ZHANG Ruo-qi(Institute of Ancient Chinese Literature,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510000,Guangdong)

机构地区：[1]中山大学中国古文献研究所,广东广州510000

出　　处：《宝鸡文理学院学报（社会科学版）》2023年第1期12-21,共10页Journal of Baoji University of Arts and Sciences：Social Science Edition

摘　　要：平王东迁是两周历史的重要转折点。《史记》以《国语》《吕氏春秋》《秦记》为主要资料,参考谱牒类文献,连缀出一条“幽王废嫡—申侯灭周—平王继位—东徙洛邑”的叙事线索,并着重叙述了秦襄公因此事而得以跻身诸侯之列的事迹,构筑出一个后人藉以了解平王东迁史的基本框架。然而,受史料来源的限制与原始察终史观的影响,太史公并没有完整翔实地叙述两周之际的史事,而是致力于揭示事件背后蕴含的兴衰缘由,突出“幽厉昏乱,既丧酆镐”的标志性意义:幽王的昏庸导致了西周的灭亡,在经历了一系列动荡后,平王不得不东迁洛邑,秦襄公则获得了凭藉攻逐戎寇以占据宗周故地的权力,而这正是周秦之际大变局的最初发端。King Ping of Zhou moving the capital eastward is an important dividing point between the history of the Western Zhou and the Eastern Zhou.The Historical Records has attached a narrative clue of“King You of Zhou abolished his heir to the throne-Marquis Shen destroyed the Zhou Dynasty-King Ping of Zhou succeeded to the throne-The capital moved eastward to Luoyi”,and has emphatically described the deeds of Duke Qin Xianggong,who was able to rank among the vassals because of this incident,and constructed a basic framework for future generations to understand the history of King Ping of Zhou’s moving the capital eastward.However,limited by the source of historical data and the influence of the original view of the end of the history,Sima Qian did not fully and accurately describe the historical events between the Western Zhou and the Eastern Zhou,but was committed to revealing the reasons for the rise and fall behind the events,highlighting the symbolic significance of“King You of Zhou and King Li of Zhou were in a state of confusion and both lost the peak.”it was the fatuity of King You of Zhou that led to the demise of the Western Zhou.After experiencing a series of turbulence,King Ping of Zhou had to move his capital eastward to Luoyi.The Duke of Qin Xianggong was given the opportunity to occupy the area where the original capital of the Zhou Dynasty was located by attacking and expelling the invaders,which was the beginning of the great change between Zhou and Qin.

关 键 词：《史记》 两周之际 平王东迁 秦襄公 历史书写 

分 类 号：K224[历史地理—历史学]