航天器在轨服务捕获装置技术研究综述与展望  

Review and Prospect of On-orbit Serving Spacecraft Capture Device Technology

作　　者：徐坤[1] 董桂宇 乔安伟 韩亮亮 丁希仑[1] XU Kun;DONG Guiyu;QIAO Anwei;HAN Liangliang;DING Xilun(Robotics Institute,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China;Research and Developmnet Center,China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology,Beijing 100076,China;Shanghai Aerospace System Engineering Institute,Shanghai 201109,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学机器人研究所,北京100191 [2]中国运载火箭技术研究院研究发展部,北京100076 [3]上海宇航系统工程研究所,上海201109

出　　处：《上海航天（中英文）》2022年第6期12-28,共17页Aerospace Shanghai（Chinese&English）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(91748201);上海航天科技创新基金(SAST2019-014)。

摘　　要：空间捕获装置是航天器在轨服务与维护任务的重要末端执行器,承担着捕获包括航天器、舱段、空间碎片及实验样品等多种目标的任务。根据被捕获目标的性质可以将捕获装置分为合作目标捕获装置和非合作目标捕获装置2大类。在捕获装置设计过程中,捕获目标是否具有特定的抓持结构则是捕获装置机构形式设计的先导因素,根据捕获目标是否具有特定的抓持结构,可以将捕获装置分为基于抓持结构的捕获装置以及非基于抓持结构的捕获装置。以捕获装置工作原理与捕获目标类型为分类依据,对捕获装置进行分类,分别阐述了其技术原理与关键技术,并对各类捕获装置进行了对比分析,根据分析结果指出了捕获装置未来的发展方向。The space capture device is an important end effector for the on-orbit service and maintenance of a spacecraft. It is responsible for capturing multiple targets, including spacecrafts, cabins, space debris, and experimental samples,in space on-orbit missions. According to the nature of the object to be captured,the capture devices can be divided into cooperative target capture devices and non-cooperative target capture devices. In the design process of a capture device,whether the capture target has a specific grapple fixture is a leading factor in the design of the capture device mechanism. According to whether the capture target has a specific grapple fixture,the capture devices can be divided into capture devices based on grapple fixtures and capture devices not based on grapple fixture.In this paper,the capture devices are classified based on the capture device operating principle and the capture target type. The technical principles and key technologies are described,respectively. Various kinds of capture devices are contrastively analyzed. In terms of the analysis results,the possible future development directions of the capture devices are pointed out.

关 键 词：在轨服务 空间捕获 抓持结构 空间抓取装置 机构原理 空间碎片清除 

分 类 号：V476[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计] TH112[机械工程—机械设计及理论]