人体微生物组在性侵害案件中的应用价值及研究进展  

Application Value and Research Progress of Human Microbiome in Sexual Assault Cases

作　　者：刘洋[1,2] 许敏敏 张亚 刘世权 苑美青 贾振军 LIU Yang;XU Min-min;ZHANG Ya;LIU Shi-quan;YUAN Mei-qing;JIA Zhen-Jun(College of Criminal Investigation,People’s Public Security University of China,Beijing 100038,China;Bei’an Branch of Public Security Bureau of Heilongjiang Reclamation Area,Heihe 164000,Heilongjiang Province,China;Shijiazhuang Public Security Bureau,Shijiazhuang 050000,China;Institute of Evi-dence Law and Forensic Science,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100091,China;Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics,Institute of Forensic Science,Ministry of Public Security,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民公安大学侦查学院,北京100038 [2]黑龙江省垦区公安局北安分局,黑龙江黑河164000 [3]石家庄市公安局,河北石家庄050000 [4]中国政法大学证据科学研究院,北京100091 [5]公安部鉴定中心法医遗传学公安部重点实验室,北京100038

出　　处：《法医学杂志》2022年第6期774-782,787,共10页Journal of Forensic Medicine

基　　金：公安部鉴定中心基本科研业务费资助项目(2022JB018);中国人民公安大学基本科研业务费资助项目(2021JKF104)。

摘　　要：近年来,性侵害案件呈持续高发态势,严重侵害了妇女儿童的合法权益,引起社会的广泛关注。DNA证据已成为性侵害案件中证明案件事实的关键证据,但部分性侵害案件可能缺乏DNA证据或仅有DNA证据,导致案件审理事实不清、证据不足。随着高通量测序技术的出现以及生物信息学、人工智能的发展,微生物组学的研究也取得了新进展,研究人员开始尝试将人体微生物组用于疑难性侵害案件的检验鉴定中。本文综述了人体微生物组的特点以及人体微生物组在体液斑迹来源推断、性侵害方式推定、案发时间推断等方面的应用价值,并对人体微生物组应用于实际办案所面临的挑战、解决方法及未来发展潜力进行分析与展望。In recent years,sexual assault cases have been on the rise,seriously infringing the legitimate rights and interests of women and children,causing widespread concern in society.DNA evidence has become the key evidence to prove the facts in sexual assault cases,but lack of DNA evidence or only DNA evidence in some sexual assault cases leads to unclear facts and insufficient evidence.With the emergence of high-throughput sequencing technology and the development of bioinformatics and artificial intelligence,new progress has been made in the study of human microbiome.Researchers have begun to use human microbiome for difficult sexual assault cases indentification.This paper reviews the characteristics of human microbiome,and its application value in the inferences of the body fluid stain origin,the sexual assault method,the crime time,etc.In addition,the challenges faced by the application of the human microbiome in practical case handling,the solutions and future development potential are analyzed and prospected.

关 键 词：法医学 微生物学 微生物基因组学 性侵害 体液 综述 

分 类 号：DF795.2[医药卫生—法医学]