基于改进剪枝算法的入针点位置决策  

Location Decision of Needle Entry Point Based on Improved Pruning Algorithm

作　　者：高晓楠 张广渊[1] 周风余[2] 于德新[3] Gao Xiaonan;Zhang Guangyuan;Zhou Fengyü;Yu Dexin(School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering,Shan Dong Jiao Tong University,Jinan 250375,Shandong,China;School of Control Science and Engineering,Shandong University,Jinan 250000,Shandong,China;Department of Radiology,Qilu Hospital of Shandong University,Jinan 250000,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东交通学院信息科学与电气工程学院,山东济南250375 [2]山东大学控制科学与工程学院,山东济南250000 [3]山东大学齐鲁医院放射科,山东济南250000

出　　处：《激光与光电子学进展》2022年第24期146-158,共13页Laser & Optoelectronics Progress

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFB1302400);山东省重点研发计划(2019GGX104046)。

摘　　要：新冠肺炎疫情暴发以来,全球已有超过23万名医护人员感染新冠病毒,非人工接触手背静脉自动注射方式因其良好的隔离性受到众多医护工作者的欢迎,而实现非接触式手背静脉自动注射的关键是实现手背静脉检测与分割及入针点位置的决策。针对手背静脉检测问题,提出了一种基于U-Net改进的指导注意力机制的图像处理算法(AT-U-Net),并基于自建手背静脉数据库进行了实验,其准确率达到93.6%。根据手背静脉检测的结果,提出了一种基于剪枝算法的手背静脉入针点位置决策方法(PT-Pruning)。通过PT-Pruning提取手背静脉主干线,综合考虑每条静脉血管入针点区域的血管截面积及弯曲值,最终获得手背静脉最优入针点。与自建的手背静脉入针点数据库进行对比,有效入针点注射区域检测准确率达到96.73%,最优入针点注射区域检测准确率达到96.5%,为后续机械自动注射奠定了基础。More than 230 thousand medical personnel worldwide have been infected with the novel coronavirus since the outbreak of COVID-19.Several medical professionals have praised the nonartificially contacted dorsal hand vein automatic injection method owing to its high isolation.The key for realizing no-contact automatic injection of dorsal hand veins is to realize the detection and segmentation of dorsal hand veins and determine the needlepoint position.In this study,an image processing algorithm based on improved U-Net with guidance and attention mechanism(AT-U-Net)is proposed to detect the dorsal hand vein.The proposed method was validated using a self-built dorsal hand vein database and the results indicate that it performs well with the accuracy of 93.6%.Following the detection of the dorsal hand vein,this study proposes a needle entry point location determination method for dorsal hand veins based on an improved pruning algorithm(PT-Pruning).The trunk line of the dorsal hand vein was extracted via PT-Pruning.The optimal injection point of the dorsal hand vein is determined by considering the vascular cross-sectional area and the bending value of each venous vein injection point area.Compared to the self-built dorsal hand vein injection point database,the detection accuracy of the injection area at the effective injection point is 96.73%,while the detection accuracy of the injection area at the optimal needle entry point is 96.5%.Thus this study lays the groundwork for subsequent mechanical automatic injection.

关 键 词：机器视觉 图像处理 手背静脉 自动注射 入针点 位置决策 

分 类 号：O436[机械工程—光学工程]