儿童照顾中“新父职”的兴起、阻碍及其启示  

On the“New Fatherhood”in Childcare

作　　者：王亮[1] WANG Liang(Department of Sociology,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023 China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学社会学系,南京210023

出　　处：《学前教育研究》2023年第2期56-67,共12页Studies in Early Childhood Education

基　　金：江苏省研究生科研创新计划项目“亲密视野下城市家庭中的父职实践研究”(编号:KYCX22_0028);国家社科基金重点项目“市域社会治理现代化研究”(编号:20AZD090)。

摘　　要：20世纪80年代以来,第二波女性主义运动的扩张、父亲权利运动的崛起、教育溢价的提升、社会媒介的宣传共同推动了“新父职”理念的兴起。父亲被认为应该兼顾经济支持、身心照顾、情感融入等多元职责,这本质是对完美父亲的追求与想象,存在“霸权性”“阶级性”“对立性”等弊端。现实中,“新父职”理念也因其太过理想化而难以实践。尽管父亲参与育儿的时间与情感投入有所提升,但是呈现出“男性化照顾”与“选择性育儿”的特点,母亲仍然是儿童的主要照顾者。家庭友好政策的匮乏、性别文化的固化、经济生产的限制及社会再生产的不公使“新父职”实践成为一场“停滞的性别革命”。为增进儿童照顾中的父亲参与,政府应建立健全家庭友好政策,社会应塑造包容平等的性别文化观念,用人单位应构建支持员工家庭角色的工作环境,家庭应破除“母职天赋”的迷思,支持父子形成“成长共同体”,通过相互陪伴和协助实现共同成长。The rise of the second-wave feminist movement and the father’s rights movement,the increase of the education premium,and the promotion of social media have all contributed to the emergence of“new fatherhood”since the 1980s.Fathers are expected to provide their children with financial support,physical care,and emotional engagement.It’s a kind of illusion of“perfect fathers”and determines the practice impossible.Some social obstacles,such as the lack of family-friendly policies,the entrenchment of gender stereotypes,the limitation of economic production,and the injustice of social reproduction make it worse.Although fathers spend more time in parenting,mothers as the“primary caregivers”in childcare have not changed,which means the“new fatherhood”is a“stagnant gender revolution”.To promote fathers’involvement in childcare,family-friendly policies and environments are needed.Fathers should also make their efforts to build“growth community”to develop with their children together in the process of parenting.

关 键 词：“新父职” 父亲参与 儿童照顾 

分 类 号：G78[文化科学—教育学]