草酸钾-尿素协同活化法制备超大比表面积面粉基多级孔炭及其电化学储能应用  

Preparation of wheat flour-based hierarchical porous carbon with ultra large specific surface area by synergistic activation of potassium oxalate-urea and its electrochemical energy storage performance

作　　者：卓祖优 宋生南 黄明堦[2] 杨旋 卢贝丽 陈燕丹[1] ZHUO Zuyou;SONG Shengnan;HUANG Mingjie;YANG Xuan;LU Beili;CHEN Yandan(College of Material Engineering,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350108,Fujian,China;College of Life Science,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学材料工程学院,福建福州350108 [2]福建农林大学生命科学学院,福建福州350002

出　　处：《化工进展》2023年第2期925-933,共9页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31870561,32171726)。

摘　　要：基于草酸钾-尿素对小麦面粉的溶胶化润胀和渗透作用,制备了超大比表面积的氮/氧共掺杂型多级孔炭材料。实验结果表明,选择小麦面粉与草酸钾的质量比为1∶1.5时,通过添加适量尿素作为造孔助剂和掺杂改性剂,可以有效优化多孔炭材料的孔隙结构和表面理化性质,所制备的多级孔炭样品的最大比表面积达3192m2/g,微孔和中孔孔容分别为1.48cm^(3)/g和0.55cm^(3)/g。电化学分析结果显示,在三电极体系中,当电流密度为0.5A/g时,多孔炭电极样品KNPC-7.5-7.5的比电容可达284F/g,并具有理想的倍率性能。基于KNPC-7.5-7.5电极材料所组装的扣式对称型超级电容器,在5A/g下循环充放电5000次后仍保有95.6%的起始电容值,且在223.6W/kg功率密度下呈现出23.7Wh/kg的高能量密度。Nitrogen/oxygen co-doped 3D hierarchical porous carbons with ultra large specific surface area were prepared from wheat flour in the presence of potassium oxalate/urea solution on the basis of its good swelling and permeation effects on starch grains. The experimental results indicated that when the mass ratio of wheat flour to potassium oxalate was 1∶1.5, the pore structure and surface physicochemical properties of porous carbon materials could be effectively optimized by adding proper amount of urea as pore forming agent and dopant. The maximum specific surface area of the porous carbon samples prepared was 3192m~2/g, and its micropore and mesopore volumes were 1.48cm^(3)/g and 0.55cm^(3)/g respectively. In the three electrode system, the electrochemical analysis results indicated that the specific capacitance of the porous carbon electrode sample KNPC-7.5-7.5 could reach 284F/g with an ideal rate performance when the current density was 0.5A/g. A button-type symmetric supercapacitor was assembled by using KNPC-7.5-7.5sample as electrode material to evaluate the electrochemical energy storage performance. The sample electrode offered excellent cyclic performance with 95.6% capacitance retention after 5000 times cyclic charge and discharge at a current density of 5A/g. Moreover, the self-made supercapacitor showed a high energy density of 23.7Wh/kg at a power density of 223.6W/kg.

关 键 词：小麦面粉 草酸钾 尿素 3D多级孔炭 超级电容器 电极材料 

分 类 号：TQ424.1[化学工程]