海上的查拉图斯特拉:永恒轮回与历史虚无主义之辩证法  

Zarathustra on the Sea:Eternal Recurrence and the Dialectic of Historical Nihilism

作　　者：吴怡 WU Yi(School of Philosophy,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院,上海200433

出　　处：《同济大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第1期12-20,共9页Journal of Tongji University:Social Science Edition

摘　　要：面对十九世纪末历史虚无主义的汪洋大海和千年基督教价值体系的一念崩塌,尼采提出了两个学说:超人学说和永恒轮回学说。在《查拉图斯特拉如是说》中,尼采提出:现代人不在沉没中重生,就在沉没中消亡,而千古价值的高山始于海洋,亦终于海洋。海洋作为历史虚无主义的喻体,在尼采的思想中既昭示着价值的终结,也代表了孕育新价值的母体。尼采的永恒轮回概念和历史虚无主义之间呈现一种辩证关系。在《查拉图斯特拉如是说》和同期尼采的思想轨迹中,超人和永恒轮回均为动态变化、不断成长的概念,二者最终合为一体。Confronted with the death of the Christian God and the floods of historical nihilism that plagued fin de siècle Europe,Nietzsche proposed two remedies:the teaching of the overman and that of eternal recurrence.In Thus Spoke Zarathustra,Nietzsche states to the effect that as moderns,we have to go under.This going-under means both annihilation and rebirth.The birth of the hierarchy of values sprang from the maritime depths.As the metaphor for historical nihilism,the maritime in Nietzsche’s thinking announces the destruction of defunct values and serves as the khōra of new values.The teaching of eternal recurrence stands in dialectic relation with historical nihilism.In Thus Spoke Zarathustra,the teaching of the overman and that of eternal recurrence are both dynamic and developing concepts that they eventually supplement each other and merge into a dyadic oneness.

关 键 词：尼采 查拉图斯特拉 海洋 超人 永恒轮回 历史虚无主义 

分 类 号：B516.47[哲学宗教—外国哲学]