3种生物制剂在宣威南部烟区的防病提质效果研究  

Effects of Three Biological Agents on Disease Control and Quality Improvement in the Southern Xuanwei Area

作　　者：王全贞 夏贤仁[1] 邓涛[1] 李先才 周玉思 吴姝俊 杨飞 余森申 WANG Quan-zhen;XIA Xian-ren;DENG Tao;LI Xian-cai;ZHOU Yu-si;WU Shu-jun;YANG Fei;YU Sen-shen(Qujing Tobacco Company,Yunnan Provincial Tobacco Corporation,Qujing 655000,PRC;Yunnan Wooja Biotechnology Company Limited,Kunming 650106,PRC;School of Energy and Environmental Sciences,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500,PRC)

机构地区：[1]云南省烟草公司曲靖市公司,云南曲靖655000 [2]云南五佳生物科技有限公司,云南昆明650106 [3]云南师范大学能源与环境科学学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2023年第2期57-62,共6页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划项目(2021530000242004)。

摘　　要：为减轻长期大量使用化学农药带来的一系列问题,保障烤烟产业的可持续发展,在宣威南部烟区以云烟100为供试烤烟品种,比较了单施枯草芽孢杆菌(处理A)、单施木霉菌(处理B)、单施苦参硫磺(处理C)、苦参硫磺与枯草芽孢杆菌配施(处理CA)、苦参硫磺与木霉菌配施(处理CB)和不施药处理(CK)对烤烟根黑腐病、黑胫病(俗称“两黑病”)发病率、烟株农艺性状和烟叶品质、植烟土壤理化性质及微生物多样性的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,生物制剂处理的“两黑病”发病率均显著降低,处理CA、CB防治效果较佳,对黑胫病的防治效果分别达59.41%、68.48%,对根黑腐病的防治效果分别达63.27%、71.63%,且农艺性状表现较好,烤后烟叶物理特性提高;土壤养分不同程度地提高,土壤容重降低,土壤比重、孔隙度、胡敏酸碳、富里酸碳、胡敏素碳均有不同程度地上升;土壤细菌多样性也显著提高。总体来看,苦参硫磺与木霉菌或枯草芽孢杆菌配合施用能对烟草黑胫病、根黑腐病取得良好的防治效果,并对改善土壤条件有一定的作用。To alleviate a series of production problems caused by long-term extensive use of chemical pesticides and ensure the sustainable development of tobacco industry,our experiment,using Yunyan 100 as the test tobacco material,has compared effects of different biological agents combinations on the incidence rates of black shank and black root rot,tobacco agronomic traits and quality,and soil physicochemical properties and microorganism diversity in the southern Xuanwei tobacco area.Five treatments were designed:Bacillus subtilis(treatment A),Trichoderma(treatment B),matrine·sulphur(treatment C),Bacillus subtilis+matrine·sulphur(treatment CA),Trichoderma+matrine·sulphur(treatment CB)and blank treatment(CK).After application of the biological agents,the results showed that,compared with CK,the incidence rates of black shank and black root rot decreased significantly;especially the control effects of treatments CA and CB were better,respectively reaching 59.41%and 68.48%for black shank,and 63.27%and 71.63%for black root rot;furthermore,the agronomic traits performed better,and the physical characteristics of tobacco leaves were improved;on the other hand,the soil bacterial community diversity was significantly improved;the soil nutrient indexes were increased to different degrees,the soil bulk density decreased,and the soil specific gravity,porosity and the levels of humic acid carbon,fulvic acid carbon and humin carbon were increased to different degrees.In conclusion,the application of matrine·sulfur combined with Trichoderma or Bacillus subtilis can achieve good control effects on tobacco black shank disease and root black rot disease,meanwhile can improve soil conditions to a certain extent.

关 键 词：生物制剂 黑胫病 根黑腐病 微生物多样性 宣威南部烟区 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]