“硬创业”还是“软创业”?——基于多重心理因素的学术创业形式选择组态分析  

“Hard Entrepreneurship” or “Soft Entrepreneurship”? A Configurational Analysis of Academic Entrepreneurship Form Selection Based on Multiple Psychological Factors

作　　者：韩晴 黄速建[1,3] 肖宇佳 王季[1] Han Qing;Huang Sujian;Xiao Yujia;Wang Ji(Business School,Liaoning University,Shenyang 110136,China;School of International Studies,Shenyang University,Shenyang 110044,China;Institute of Industrial Economics of CASS,Beijing 100836,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学商学院,辽宁沈阳110136 [2]沈阳大学国际学院,辽宁沈阳110044 [3]中国社会科学院工业经济研究所,北京100836

出　　处：《外国经济与管理》2023年第1期137-152,共16页Foreign Economics & Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(18BGL036)。

摘　　要：不同的学术创业形式对学术创业者提出了不同的要求,学术创业者适合选择更贴近创业范式的硬创业还是与传统学术文化关联更强的软创业以提高学术创业成功率,成为了值得探索的现实问题。学术创业形式选择受到学术创业者个体差异的影响,而现有研究很少关注个体差异中的主观心理因素,更忽略了多重心理因素的协同效应的影响。本文基于目标动力学理论,采用清晰集定性比较研究方法,分析了影响学术创业形式选择的心理因素组合及其对应的心理目标。研究发现:学术创业者适合硬创业还是软创业受到学术创业动机、创业者身份认同和学术创业压力的共同影响;8个组态揭示了学术创业者拥有主动型、理想型、进取型和成长型的心理目标更适合硬创业;拥有勉强型、清闲型、传统型和生存型的心理目标更适合软创业;主动动机和非创业者身份认同分别是进行硬创业和软创业的重要条件。研究结论有助于推动学术创业的成功实践,同时为学术创业者职业发展和相关组织制定促进政策提供参考依据。This paper focuses on the psychological factors of academic entrepreneurs, and uses the csQCA method to analyze the combinatorial psychological factors and corresponding psychological goals that affect academic entrepreneurship form selection.The findings are that: First, academic entrepreneurship form selection is affected by academic entrepreneurs’ multiple psychological factors including academic entrepreneurship motivation,entrepreneur identity, and academic entrepreneurship stress. Second, the eight configurations reveal that academic entrepreneurs with active, ideal, progressive and crescive psychological goals are more suitable for hard entrepreneurship, and those with reluctant, idle, traditional and survival psychological goals are more suitable for soft entrepreneurship. Third, active motivation and non-entrepreneur identity are necessary conditions for hard and soft entrepreneurship respectively.The implications are that: For academic entrepreneurs, they need to evaluate their own psychological goals before selecting a suitable academic entrepreneurship form, so as to improve the success rate of academic entrepreneurship. For relevant organizations, it is necessary to fully understand the multiple psychological factors of academic entrepreneurs, and provide differentiated policies to promote the development of academic entrepreneurship based on the different demand orientation of hard or soft entrepreneurship.The future directions are that: Analyze how academic entrepreneurship form selection dynamically changes with the development of academic entrepreneurship;try multiple other research methods to further test and enrich the research conclusion;further investigate the mechanism of external environmental factors;and take the academics of research institution as samples for further research.The contributions are that: This paper puts forward the viewpoint of self-organization psychological factors in academic entrepreneurship form selection based on the theory of psychological goal dynamics,obtains e

关 键 词：学术创业形式 学术创业动机 创业者身份认同 学术创业压力 

分 类 号：F270[经济管理—企业管理]