动态故障树在主蒸汽管道破裂事故风险评价中的初步应用研究  

Application of Dynamic Fault Tree in Risk Assessment of Main Steam Line Break Accident

作　　者：郭丁情[1] 王韶轩 林志贤 戈道川 曹学武[1] GUO Dingqing;WANG Shaoxuan;LIN Zhixian;GE Daochuan;CAO Xuewu(School of Mechanical Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology,HIPS,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 230031,China;University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海200240 [2]中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院核能安全技术研究所,合肥230031 [3]中国科学技术大学,合肥230026

出　　处：《原子核物理评论》2022年第4期546-554,共9页Nuclear Physics Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(71901203)。

摘　　要：冗余设计使核电厂系统广泛存在复杂时序失效行为,而基于静态故障树(Static fault tree,SFT)的事故风险评价无法对时序失效行为进行准确模拟。为解决这一问题,本工作提出一种基于事件树+动态故障树(Dynamic Fault Tree,DFT)的事故风险分析框架,并以典型三代压水堆主蒸汽管道破裂事故为例,开展动态事故风险案例分析。首先,建立主蒸汽管道破裂事故的事件树模型以及相关系统的DFT模型;其次,将系统故障树分为DFT模块和SFT模块,并将DFT树模块替换为超级事件参与后续计算;最后,采用割集法计算案例结果,并在相同条件下与传统SFT方法进行对比。案例分析结果表明:(1)相较于SFT方法,所提方法更为贴近系统的真实失效场景;(2)针对文中案例所提方法可以降低相关系统失效概率与部分事故序列的发生频率、有助于释放保守风险。The systems in nuclear power plants have complex sequence failure behaviors due to redundant design,and the traditional static fault tree(SFT)in risk assessment cannot accurately simulate the sequential failure behaviors of the systems in nuclear power plants.In this paper,an accident risk analysis framework based on event tree+Dynamic Fault Tree(DFT)is proposed to solve this problem,and the main steam line break(SLB)accident is used as an example to carry out the analysis.First,an event tree model of the SLB accident and the DFT model of the related system are established;Then,the system fault tree is divided into DFT modules and SFT modules,and the result of the DFT modules are replaced with super events to participate in subsequent calculations;Finally,the cut set method is adopted to calculate and analyze SLB accident risk,and results are compared with the traditional SFT method under the same conditions.The results show that(1)Compared with the SFT method,the result calculated by the proposed method is closer to the real system failure scenario,and the conservativeness of the result is relaxed;(2)The proposed method can accurately simulate the SLB accident,which is beneficial for operational risk management and maintenance optimization in the future.

关 键 词：事故风险评价 动态故障树 核电厂 可靠性 

分 类 号：TL99[核科学技术—核技术及应用]