硝态铵态氮比例对不同氮效率烟草苗期氮素吸收及利用的影响  

Effects of nitrate-ammonium nitrogen ratio on nitrogen absorption and utilization of tobacco seedlings with different nitrogen use efficiency

作　　者：李玉静 冯雨晴 赵园园 刘德水 史宏志[1] LI Yujing;FENG Yuqing;ZHAO Yuanyuan;LIU Deshui;SHI Hongzhi(College of Tobacco Science/Research Center for Tobacco Harm Reduction/Tobacco Cultivation Key Laboratory of China Tobacco,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Beijing Cigarette Factory,Shanghai Tobacco Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100024,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院/烟草农业减害研究中心/烟草行业烟草栽培重点实验室,郑州450002 [2]上海烟草集团北京卷烟厂有限公司,北京100024

出　　处：《中国烟草学报》2023年第1期23-35,共13页Acta Tabacaria Sinica

基　　金：烟草硝酸盐积累机理及降低硝酸盐含量调节技术研究(TP2019-C4)。

摘　　要：【目的】为明确最有利于烤烟和白肋烟氮素利用的氮素形态配比。【方法】采用盆栽的方法,以烤烟品种中烟100和白肋烟品种TN90为材料,设置5个硝态铵态氮比例(T1:NO_(3)^(-):NH_(4)^(+)=100:0;T2:NO_(3)^(-):NH_(4)^(+)=75:25;T3:NO_(3)^(-):NH_(4)^(+)=50:50;T4:NO_(3)^(-):NH_(4)^(+)=25:75;T5:NO_(3)^(-):NH_(4)^(+)=0:100),测定各处理的生物量、色素含量、硝酸还原酶(nitrate reductase,NR)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(glutamine synthetase,GS)活性、NH_(4)^(+)-N含量、硝酸盐含量、总氮含量、总糖和还原糖含量,比较不同硝态氮和铵态氮比例对烤烟和白肋烟两种不同氮效率烟草的生长、氮素积累及氮代谢的影响。【结果】(1)中烟100的NR和GS活性均在硝态铵态配比为75:25时最高;TN90的NR活性在硝态铵态配比为50:50时最高,GS活性在硝态铵态配比为25:75时最高。中烟100和TN90的总糖含量均在硝态铵态配比为50:50时最高,分别为8.22%和5.36%。(2)TN90和中烟100叶片中的硝酸盐含量均在硝态铵态配比为50:50时最低,分别为343.73 mg·g^(-1)和116.77 mg·g^(-1)。(3)基于主成分分析法对地上部干重、总色素含量、NR活性、GS活性、叶片总氮含量、叶片氮素积累量、总糖含量、还原糖含量、叶片硝酸盐含量倒数、叶片NH_(4)^(+)-N含量共计10个指标进行综合评价,烤烟在硝态铵态氮配比为75:25时得分最高,白肋烟在硝态铵态氮配比为50:50时得分最高。【结论】高硝态氮比例能有效促进烤烟的生长发育,适当增加铵态氮比例有利于促进白肋烟烟叶碳水化合物形成,从而提高烟叶氮代谢能力。综合生物量积累和主成分分析情况,烤烟和白肋烟分别在硝态铵态氮配比为75:25和50:50时综合表现较好。[Objectives]This study aims to identify the most effective nitrogen form and ratio for flue-cured tobacco and burley tobacco.[Methods]Pot experiment was carried out with flue-cured tobacco variety Zhongyan 100 and burley tobacco variety TN90 as materials.Five nitrate-ammonium nitrogen ratios(T1:NO_(3)^(-):NH_(4)^(+)=100:0;T2:NO_(3)^(-):NH_(4)^(+)=75:25;T3:NO_(3)^(-):NH_(4)^(+)=50:50;T4:NO_(3)^(-):NH_(4)^(+)=25:75;T5:NO_(3)^(-):NH_(4)^(+)=0:100)were set up.The biomass,pigment content,the activity of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase,NH_(4)^(+)-N content,nitrate content,total nitrogen content,total sugar content and soluble sugar content of each treatment were determined.The effects of different nitrate and ammonium nitrogen ratios on the growth,nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen metabolism of flue-cured tobacco and burley tobacco with different nitrogen use efficiency were comparatively analyzed.[Results](1)The NR and GS activities of Zhongyan100 were the highest when the nitrate-ammonium nitrogen ratio was 75:25.The NR activity of TN90 was the highest when the nitrate-ammonium nitrogen ratio was 50:50,and GS activity was the highest when the nitrate-ammonium nitrogen ratio was 25:75.The total sugar contents of Zhongyan 100 and TN90 were the highest(8.22%and 5.36%,respectively)when the nitrate-ammonium nitrogen ratio was 50:50.(2)The nitrate contents in leaves of TN90 and Zhongyan 100 were the lowest(343.73mg·g^(-1)and 116.77mg·g^(-1),respectively)when the nitrate-ammonium nitrogen ratio was 50:50.(3)Ten indexes including shoot dry weight,total pigment content,nitrate reductase activity,glutamine synthetase activity,leaf total nitrogen content,leaf nitrogen accumulation,total sugar content,soluble sugar content,reciprocal nitrate content,leaf NH_(4)^(+)-N content were comprehensively evaluated based on the principal component analysis.The flue-cured tobacco had the highest score when nitrate-ammonium nitrogen ratio was 75:25,and burley tobacco had the highest score when nitrate-ammonium nitrogen ratio w

关 键 词：氮素形态 烤烟 白肋烟 硝酸盐积累 氮素利用 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]