唐边疆治理与用人方略——甘元柬墓志所见六胡州与唐蕃和亲问题考释  

Borderland Governance and Employment Strategy in Tang Dynasty: Investigation and Explanation on Liuhuzhou and the Tang-Tubo Peace-making Marriage Issue Appeared in Gan Yuanjian Epitaph

作　　者：陈明迪 陆离[2] CHEN Ming-di;LU Li(School of Marxism,Shandong Industrial and Commercial College,Yantai,Shandong;Department of History,School of Social Development,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing,Jiangsu)

机构地区：[1]山东工商学院马克思主义学院,山东烟台264005 [2]南京师范大学社会发展学院历史学系,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第1期150-158,共9页Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“唐代石刻文献所见唐蕃交往交融史研究”(项目编号:22CMZ024);国家社会科学基金重大项目“《敦煌本吐蕃历史文书》相关民族、人物、事件研究及分年、分类辑注”(项目编号:17ZDA212)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：甘元柬与裴行俭、武三思及唐中宗有着密切关系,这对他的仕途产生了重大影响。《甘元柬墓志》提供的信息揭示了调露元年(679)突厥阿史德温傅、奉职二部反唐与六胡州设立之间的因果关系。选任甘元柬等唐人出任六胡州刺史,表明六胡州建置初衷在于强化对突厥降户的控制,以扭转正在恶化的边疆局势,这与《新唐书》所述羁縻府州刺史由本部落首领充任有别。六胡州的建置既体现了维持部落组织之“羁縻”特性,也蕴含了羁縻府州向正州演化的因素,但这一过程并非线性发展。唐朝政府力图强化对内附民族的控御,六胡州的羁縻属性正在消减,但还不能视为完全意义上的正州。敦煌本吐蕃历史文书《大事纪年》中所载703年出使吐蕃的唐廷使者甘卿(kam keng)正是甘元柬,其身份是唐派往吐蕃的和亲使。甘元柬的事迹表明吐蕃的南向战略为武周所遏制,最终于长安三年以甘元柬出使吐蕃为标志,促成了唐蕃关系的缓和,在历经全面对抗之后形成的均势局面下,双方最终实现和亲。Gan Yuanjian had a close relationship with Pei Xingjian, Wu Sansi and Emperor Zhongzong in Tang Dynasty, which had a great influence on his official career.The information provided by the Epitaph of Gan Yuanjian reveals the cause-effect relationship between the anti-Tang rebellion of the Turkic and the establishment of Liuhuzhou in the first year of Tiaolu(679). The selection of Gan Yuanjian and other Tang people as the governors of Liuhuzhou indicated that the original intention of the establishment of Liuhuzhou was to strengthen the control of the surrendered Turks, so as to reverse the deteriorating borderland situation, which is different from the description in the New Book of Tang that the local tribal leader being appointed as the governor of the Jimufu Prefecture. The establishment of Liuhuzhou not only reflects characteristics of “controlling” the tribal organization, but also contains the factors of the evolution process from Jimifu Prefecture to normal prefecture, but this process is not a linear development. The government of the Tang Dynasty tried to strengthen the control of the internally affiliated ethnic groups, and the unruly attribute of Liuhuzhou Prefecture was decreasing, yet it could not be regarded as a normal prefecture completely. Kam Keng, an envoy of the Tang Court who was sent to Tubo in 703 according to the Dunhuang historical document Da Shi Ji Nian, was indeed Gan Yuanjian. He was a peace envoy sent to the Tubo by the Tang Dynasty. The story of Gan Yuanjian indicated that the southward strategy of Tubo was restrained by Wu Zhou. Finally, in the third year of Chang’an, Gan Yuanjian sent an envoy to the Tibetan, which promoted the communication and easing between the two sides of the Tang and Tubo. Under the balance of power situation formed after a comprehensive confrontation, the two sides finally attained peace-making marriage.

关 键 词：甘元柬 六胡州 唐蕃关系 唐廷使者甘卿(kam keng) 

分 类 号：K242[历史地理—历史学]