物理化学教学中学生认知结构的意义建构  

The Meaning Construction of Students’ Cognitive Structure in Physical Chemistry Teaching

作　　者：肖谷清[1] 王姣亮[1] 龙立平[1] 谢丹[1] 贺国文[1] 孟秋冬 Xiao Guqing;Wang Jiaoliang;Long Liping;Xie Dan;He Guowen;Meng Qiudong(Hunan City University,Yiyang 413000,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南城市学院,湖南益阳413000

出　　处：《化工高等教育》2022年第6期134-139,150,共7页Higher Education in Chemical Engineering

基　　金：湖南省教改项目(湘教通[2019]291号)。

摘　　要：基于意义建构学习理论,根据物理化学知识转化为认知结构的心理过程,文章提出了物理化学认知结构意义建构的教学模式:分析物理化学教材中知识点之间的联系,确认各知识点在知识结构中的位置,构建知识结构;分析学生原有认知结构,了解新知识结构与学生原有认知结构的跨度;利用“最近发展区”促使学生原有认知结构同化新的知识结构,完成新认知结构的意义建构;加强认知结构的变式训练,促进物理化学认知结构在新情境中的迁移和应用,巩固新认知结构。教师还可以要求学生在物理化学认知结构的意义建构过程中,自觉调用元认知监控有效监视、控制和调节自己的意义建构行为和学习结果。On the basis of the learning theory of meaning construction, according to the psychological process of the transforming of physical chemistry knowledge into cognitive structure, the following teaching mode of the meaning construction of physical chemistry cognitive structure is proposed. Firstly, the connection of knowledge points in physical chemistry textbooks and the position of each knowledge point in the knowledge structure are analyzed. The knowledge structures are constructed. Secondly, the students’ original cognitive structure is analyzed to understand the span between new knowledge structure and students’ original cognitive structure. Thirdly, "zone of proximal development" is used to promote students’ original cognitive structure to assimilate the new knowledge structure and complete the meaning construction of the new cognitive structure. Fouthly, the variant training of cognitive structure should be strengthen to promote the transfer and application of physical chemistry cognitive structure in new situations. Thus the new cognitive structure is consolidated. Teachers could also require students to consciously use metacognitive monitoring to effectively monitor, control and adjust their own meaning construction behavior and learning results in the process of the meaning construction of physical chemistry cognitive structure.

关 键 词：物理化学 认知结构 意义建构 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学] O64-4[文化科学—教育学]