藏南聂拉木镇地质灾害和河岸工程病害调查分析  

Investigation and Analysis of Geological Disasters and Bank Protection Damage in Nyalam Town,South Tibet

作　　者：景晶晶 吴志坚 丁万鹏 储城鑫 马巍 JING Jingjing;WU Zhijian;DING Wanpeng;CHU Chengxin;MA Wei(School of Transportation Engineering,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing 211816,China;School of Architectural Engineering,Jiangsu Open University,Nanjing 210036,China)

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学交通运输工程学院,江苏南京211816 [2]江苏开放大学建筑工程学院,江苏南京210036

出　　处：《防灾减灾工程学报》2023年第1期32-40,共9页Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0905);地震联合基金重点项目(No.U1939209);江苏省高等学校自然科学研究面上项目(22KJB560013)资助。

摘　　要：聂拉木镇位于藏南高山峡谷区,是喜马拉雅山脉生态屏障的重要组成部分,也是我国与尼泊尔交界的边陲重镇,生态和国防地位重要,地震地质灾害频发。通过现场调查,得到了聂拉木镇区及其周边的滑坡、危岩落石、泥石流等地质灾害,以及河岸工程病害的分布特征,并结合地形地貌、地质构造、气候和冰川冻土条件分析了灾害成因。结果表明:聂拉木镇及其周边共发现地质灾害和工程病害点39处,其中滑坡8处、危岩落石21处、泥石流冲沟2处、河岸坍塌8处;滑坡均为堆积层浅层滑塌,危岩落石以节理裂隙切割型岩质崩塌和冻拔石失稳为主,泥石流为降雨诱导型和冰川溃决型,河岸工程病害主要为急流和冰凌冲击型破坏;区内强烈的构造运动、显著的季节性冻融作用和季节强降雨冲刷为灾害主要诱因。聂拉木镇区内地质灾害和河岸工程病害发育具有点小、面广、高风险的特点,建议系统开展镇区灾害风险评估、及时开展分级治理和制定灾害应急预案。Nyalam Town,situated in the high mountains and valleys of southern Tibet,is an important region of the ecological barrier of the Himalayas and the border town between China and Nepal.Despite its ecological and national defense importance,frequent seismic and geological disasters occur in this area.Through on-site investigation,the distribution and characteristics of geological disasters,such as landslides,rockfalls,debris flows,and river bank engineering diseases in Nyalam and its surrounding areas,are analyzed.The causes of these disasters are discussed in combination with topography,geomorphy,geological structure,climate,and glacial and frozen soil conditions.The results show that 39 geological disasters and engineering damage sites have been found in and around Nyalam,including 8 landslides,21 dangerous rock falls,2 debris flow gullies,and 8 river bank collapses.The landslides are all shallow slides of the accumulation layer,the rockfalls are mainly caused by joint-fissure cut rockfalls and frozen-pulled stone instability,and debris flows are rain-induced and glacial breakdown.The river bank protection damages are mainly caused by jet flow and ice impact.The primary causes of these disasters are strong tectonic movement,significant seasonal freezing and thawing,and seasonal strong rainfall scouring in the area.Geological hazards and river bank engineering diseases in Nyalam are characterized by small size,wide area,and high risk.It is recommended that disaster risk assessment,hierarchical management,and disaster emergency plans be formulated in a timely manner.

关 键 词：地质灾害 聂拉木镇 滑坡 危岩落石 泥石流 河岸工程病害 

分 类 号：P642[天文地球—工程地质学] X43[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]