有机肥部分替代化肥对马铃薯农艺性状、产量和品质的影响  

Effects of partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer on potato agronomic traits,yield and quality

作　　者：孙得翔 石铭福 王勇 陈喜鹏 刘玉汇[2] 张俊莲 秦舒浩[1] SUN Dexiang;SHI Mingfu;WANG Yong;CHEN Xipeng;LIU Yuhui;ZHANG Junlian;QIN Shuhao(College of Horticulture,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学园艺学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省作物遗传改良与种质创新重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2022年第6期43-51,共9页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然资科学基金项目(32060441);国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-09-P14);国家重点研发计划项目子课题(2018YFD020080308-1)。

摘　　要：【目的】为探明有机肥部分替代化肥对马铃薯生长的影响。【方法】设置7个处理:不施肥(CK)、100%常规施肥(T_(1))、80%常规施肥(T_(2))、80%常规施肥+固体有机肥+有机液体肥(T_(3))、80%常规施肥+固体有机肥+微肥(T_(4))、80%常规施肥+固体有机肥+微肥+有机液体肥(T_(5))和80%常规施肥+固体有机肥(T_(6)),分析不同处理对马铃薯生理特性、产量、干物质和品质的影响。【结果】有机肥部分替代化肥促进了植株地上部生长,T_(5)处理的分枝数和块茎数较T_(1)提高26.38%和108%。产量以T_(5)最高,为47729.7 kg/hm^(2)。成熟期,T_(5)块茎干物质质量最高。叶片超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性T_(5)处理较T_(1)提高11.04%、31.63%和95.72%。T_(5)处理块茎可溶性蛋白含量、还原糖、淀粉和VC含量均高于其他处理,对马铃薯品质影响较明显。【结论】施用80%常规施肥+固体有机肥+微肥+有机液体肥为当地马铃薯推荐施肥方法。【Objective】The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of partial substitution of chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizer on potato growth.【Method】Seven different fertilizing treatments were carried out in the study,i.e.,no fertilization(CK),100%conventional fertilization(T_(1)),80%conventional fertilization(T_(2)),80%conventional fertilization+solid organic fertilizer+organic liquid fertilizer(T_(3)),80%conventional fertilization+solid organic fertilizer+micro fertilizer(T_(4)),80%conventional fertilization+solid organic fertilizer+micro fertilizer+organic liquid fertilizer(T_(5))and 80%conventional fertilization+solid organic fertilizer(T_(6)),followed by the analysis on physiological characteristics,yield,dry matter and quality of potatoes.【Result】The partial replacement of chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer promoted the above-ground growth of plants,and the number of branches and tubers in T_(5)treatment increased by 26.38%and 108%when compared with T_(1).The yield was the highest in T_(5),which was 47729.7 kg/hm^(2).The dry matter content was the highest in tubers of T_(5)at maturity stage.The activities of superoxide dismutase,peroxidase and catalase in leaves with T_(5)treatment were increased by 11.04%,31.63%and 95.72%when compared with T_(1)treatment.The soluble protein content,reduced sugar,starch and VC content in the tubes of T_(5)treatment were higher than those of other treatments,and the effect on potato quality was significantly different.【Conclusion】It was suggested that the fertilizer application of 80%conventional fertilization+solid organic fertilizer+micro fertilizer+organic liquid fertilizer could be recommended as the suitable method of fertilization in potato cultivation in this region.

关 键 词：马铃薯 化肥减施 有机肥 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]