君子证成:曾子“慎独”思想辨析  

The Self-actualization of Junzi:An Analysis of Zengzi’s Thought of“Shendu”

作　　者：马爱菊 Ma Aiju

机构地区：[1]浙江省社会科学院文化研究所,杭州310000

出　　处：《孔子研究》2023年第1期77-82,158,159,共8页Confucius Studies

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学重点研究基地一般项目(项目编号:22ZXZD003);中华君子文化基金课题资助项目(项目编号:20JZKT08)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：曾子在思想史上的贡献之一是提出了“慎独”观念,其本质在于自我证成,其含义可从两个维度解读。从空间维度上分析,“慎独”既扬弃公、私之异,又超越两者之别,化私入公,融独为众,“慎”的一贯与一致性,消融弥合了人前私下的双重伦理空间,从而克服了异化与分裂。从精神维度而言,“慎独”指涉诚实守诺,对理念信仰、对礼义、对使命诺言的绝对坚守践行,追求的是一种极致化的道德自律和自我教化,从而实现自我统一,文质彬彬,俯仰均自足自信。曾子的“慎独”彰显了儒家安身立命思想,它以独特的自持与自省,既显示了儒家穷达不变修齐治平的入世信念,也深刻揭示了儒家力主“反身而诚”、成己成人的自信与自强;既沃润了中国古代文化的人文精神,也丰富了中国古代儒家为仁由己的哲学传统。The academic research on Zengzi’s thought is not deep enough,and the lack of in-depth combing and analysis on the thought of“shendu”is an example.One of Zengzi’s contributions in the history of thought is to invent the concept of“shendu”,whose essence lies in self salvation:from the spatial dimension,“shendu”not only sublates the differences between public and private,but also transcends the differences between them,transforms private into public,and melts the independence into the public.The consistency and consistency of“shendu”melt and bridge the dual ethical space in front of people,thus overcoming the alienation and division,and realizing gentlemen’s integrity straight.From the psychological and spiritual dimension,“Shendu”refers to honesty and keeping promises,absolute adherence to belief,etiquette and mission,and pursuit of a kind of extreme moral self-discipline and self-education,so as to achieve self-unity,gentleness and self-confidence.Zengzi’s“shendu”expresses the Confucian thought of settling down for a living.With its unique self-reliance and self-examination,it not only shows the Confucian belief in the world that the poor can achieve constant self-discipline and peace,but also profoundly reveals the self-confidence and self-improvement of the Confucians who advocate“self-reliance and sincerity”,adult success and self redemption.This not only enriches the human spirit of ancient Chinese culture,but also profoundly affects the subjectivity of ancient Chinese ethics.

关 键 词：曾子 慎独 诚意 忠恕 君子 

分 类 号：B222.3[哲学宗教—中国哲学]