演化时间在构建复杂真菌类群分类系统中的应用  

The Application of Divergence Time in the Construction of Taxonomic Systems in Complex Fungal Groups

作　　者：李贾鑫 赵瑞琳 LI Jiaxin;ZHAO Ruilin(Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Life Sciences,University of Chinese Academyof Sciences,Beijing100048,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院微生物研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学生命科学学院,北京101408

出　　处：《菌物研究》2022年第4期246-254,共9页Journal of Fungal Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31961143010,31970010,31470152);北京现代农业(食用菌团队)创新团队项目(BAIC05-2022)。

摘　　要：演化时间不仅直接反应生物类群的进化历程,更能将丰富多样的各种生物在时间尺度上相互关联,所以在衡量生物的系统与进化关系中具有特殊的意义。近年来使用现有的化石记录与采用分子钟分析方法估算现生生物演化时间已较为成熟。真菌分类学中,在分子系统发育和表型特征研究的基础上,2016年以演化时间为新增指标构建分类系统的方法(“单系+表型特征+演化时间”)在蘑菇属的分类系统修订中首次实践,随后在真菌领域得以广泛运用。梳理了目前真菌分类中面临的主要问题,通过多个以演化时间作为命名分类阶元新增指标解决这些问题的实际案例,阐明利用演化时间在构建分类系统所表现出的明显优势,并总结了具体研究思路,从而为其他学者在解决具体类群的分类问题上提供参考。Divergence time can not only directly reflect the evolutionary process of organisms, but also is correlated with different organisms on the temporal scale, which reflects its great significance of systematics and evolution of organisms. In recent years, it has become more mature with the existing fossil record and molecular clock analysis to estimate the divergence time of living organisms. The method of constructing fungal taxonomic system with divergence time as an additional criterion( "monophyly + phenotype + divergence time ") had been widely used in different fungal groups since it was first applied in Agaricus taxonomic system in 2016. In this paper, the major challenges of fungi classification are sorted out, and the obvious advantages of divergence time used in the construction of classification systems are clarified through several practical cases in which divergence time is used as an additional criterion to solve these problems. Then, the general guidelines in solving the taxonomic problems were summarized, and it provides reference for other scholars to solve the classification problems of specific taxa.

关 键 词：演化时间 分类学 系统发育学 分子钟 化石标本 

分 类 号：Q949.32[生物学—植物学]