权力的象征与延伸——读李水城《耀武扬威:权杖源流考》  

Symbol and Extension of Power:Reflection on Li Shuicheng’s The Origin and Dispersal of Mace-Scepters

作　　者：霍巍[1] Huo Wei

机构地区：[1]四川大学考古文博学院

出　　处：《四川文物》2023年第1期115-120,共6页Sichuan Cultural Relics

摘　　要：权杖是世界古代文明中权力的表达和象征物,在考古发现中多以各种质地的杖头呈现。通过对李水城教授所著《耀武扬威:权杖源流考》一书的介绍,对中国各地出土的杖头及其相关问题进行评述,探讨哪些属于代表权力、等级、威仪等含义的“权杖”,而哪些可能与之无关。其中,较确凿与神权、王权有关的“权杖”应属三星堆一号祭祀坑出土的黄金杖体,此外羊甫头墓地M113随葬的人形铜首木杖也可能与“权杖”相关。考虑到三星堆和羊甫头都处在青铜时代“边地半月形文化传播带”上的地理区位,中国西南地区出现的“权杖”这一文化现象或与中外文化交流有关。而云南青铜时代滇文化墓葬中出土的“杖头铜饰”与斯基泰文化中的杖头铜饰“器形相近、用途相同”,为理解外来文化中的“权杖”可能流传进入中国的途径提供了线索,或可由此追溯到更为久远的时代和更为广阔的地域,来进一步考察由权杖所带来的东西方文化交流的若干片断。Scepter is the expression and symbol of power in ancient civilizations of the world.In archaeological discoveries,it often appears as the head of a staff of various materials.Through the introduction of Professor Li Shuicheng’s book The Origin and Dispersal of MaceScepters,this paper reviews the staff heads unearthed in various parts of China and related issues,and tries to distinguish the mace-scepters representing power,rank,authority etc.,from those irrelevant.Among them,gold scepter body unearthed from the No.1 sacrificial pit of Sanxingdui is conclusively related to divine right and kingship,and the wooden scepter with human-shaped copper head buried in the Yangfutou Cemetery M113 may also be related to"scepter".Considering the geographical location of Sanxingdui and Yangfutou on the"half-moon cultural transmission belt in border areas"of the Bronze Age,the appearance of"scepter"in southwest China may be related to the cultural exchanges between China and foreign cultures.The bronze staff head ornaments excavated from the Bronze Age Dian Culture burials in Yunnan are similar in shape and use with those of Scythian Culture,which provides clues to the transmission route of the scepter of foreign cultures into China,as well as the possibility to trace back to a longer time span and a wider geographic scope,thereby further examining some fragments of cultural exchange between East and West.

关 键 词：权杖头 中外文化交流 社会威仪器物 

分 类 号：K876[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]