外资对居民收入代际流动性的影响研究:以规模效应和质量效应为视角  

The Effect of FDI on Residents’ Intergenerational Income Mobility in China:Based on Scale and Quality Effects

作　　者：陈晓虹 CHEN Xiao-hong(College of Economics and Management,Nanjing Institute of Technology,Nanjing 211167,China)

机构地区：[1]南京工程学院产业经济与创新管理研究院,南京211167

出　　处：《上海对外经贸大学学报》2023年第2期22-35,共14页Journal of Shanghai University of International Business and Economics

基　　金：南京工程学院科研基金项目“外资对我国居民收入流动性的影响研究”(项目编号:YKJ202119);南京工程学院智库研究项目“数字技术赋能江苏低碳经济发展的对策研究”(项目编号:ZKYJA202203);南京工程学院产业经济与创新管理研究院开放基金项目“数字经济背景下环境规制对我国低碳消费的影响研究”(项目编号:JGKB202207);江苏省高校优势学科建设工程项目(项目编号:PAPD)的资助。

摘　　要：在高质量对外开放的契机下,我国居民收入获取公平性的重要程度也逐渐凸显。本文基于CHNS微观数据库,系统研究了以外商直接投资(FDI)为代表的对外开放产生的规模效应和质量效应与收入的代际流动性之间的因果关系及其作用机制。研究发现:首先,外资流入产生的规模效应和质量效应能够显著提升居民家庭收入的代际流动性水平,在一定程度上可实现收入的包容性增长。其次,外资流入的规模能增加居民从事非农就业和工人类型就业的可能性,外资引入的质量能增加居民工人类型就业和正规部门就业的可能性。第三,就作用机制而言,积极扩大外资规模能够借助就业性质转变(非农就业)以提升居民家庭收入代际流动性水平,而积极提升外资质量能够借助就业部门(非正规就业)和就业类型(工人就业)以增加居民家庭收入代际流动性水平。第四,异质性分析显示外资规模和质量在东部和城市地区相比西部和农村地区更能提升收入的代际流动性水平,可能更能促进收入的公平性。因此,政府应当继续推进全面构建高质量对外开放能力和水平,优化就业资源的区域配置,增强就业形式和方式的多样性。Under the opportunity of high-quality opening-up, the importance of income equity for residents is becoming increasingly prominent. Based on CHNS micro database, the paper systematically investigates the scale effect and quality effect of opening-up represented by foreign direct investment(FDI) on residents’ intergenerational income mobility and its mechanism. The study concludes that:(1) The scale effect and quality effect of FDI inflow can significantly improve the intergenerational income mobility level, which achieves inclusive income growth to a certain extent.(2) The scale of FDI can increase the possibility of non-agricultural employment and the quality of FDI can increase the possibility of workers’ employment and informal employment.(3) As far as the mechanism is concerned, the active infl ows of FDI improve the intergenerational income mobility by changing the nature of employment(non-agricultural employment). Rising FDI quality improve the intergenerational income mobility by increasing informal employment and employment type of worker.(4) The heterogeneity analysis shows that the scale and quality effects of FDI in the eastern and urban regions signifi cantly enhance the intergenerational income mobility level compared with that in western and rural regions, which may be more conducive to income equity. Therefore, the government should continue to promote the comprehensive construction of high-quality opening-up capacity and quality, optimize the regional allocation of employment resources, and enhance the diversity of employment forms and modes.

关 键 词：外商直接投资 代际流动性 外资质量 正规就业 包容性增长 

分 类 号：F126.1[经济管理—世界经济] F125