我国金枪鱼围网渔业对鲸豚类误捕的影响分析  

Effects of Different Sets of China′s Tuna Purse Seine Fishery on Cetaceans Bycatch

作　　者：路思琪 戴小杰[1,2,3] 高春霞 李俊谊[1] LU Siqi;DAI Xiaojie;GAO Chunxia;LI Junyi(College of Marine Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;National Ocean Fishery Engineering Technology Research Center,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [3]大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室,上海201306

出　　处：《水产科学》2023年第2期195-205,共11页Fisheries Science

基　　金：国家鲨鱼保护行动计划项目(17190008)。

摘　　要：鲸豚类是中西部太平洋生态系统的顶级捕食者,近年来,金枪鱼围网渔业对鲸豚类的误捕是海洋哺乳动物保护中最令人关注的热点之一。为探讨自由鱼群和人工集鱼装置作业对鲸豚类误捕的影响,提出对鲸豚类保护的建议,笔者根据2016—2019年我国金枪鱼围网渔业在中西部太平洋海域(N 10°~S 13°,E 144°~W 149°)的生产数据,探讨自由鱼群和人工集鱼装置2种作业方式在不同区域、时间段、月份和年份下对鲸豚类误捕的影响。结果显示:中西部太平洋鲸豚类的误捕主要发生在基里巴斯专属经济区;不同时间段下,自由鱼群作业下误捕鲸豚类分布较平均,且差异不显著(P>0.05),人工集鱼装置作业下误捕鲸豚类主要集中在16:00—19:00,差异显著(P<0.05);1、7月和11月的鲸豚类误捕量较高,且自由鱼群和人工集鱼装置作业下不同月份鲸豚类误捕均差异不显著(P>0.05);自由鱼群和人工集鱼装置作业造成的鲸豚类平均死亡率分别为43.04%和33.33%,2种作业方式对鲸豚类死亡率的差异不显著(P>0.05),不同物种误捕死亡率受2种作业方式的影响存在差异性。本研究结果可为中西部太平洋鲸豚类养护管理提供科学参考。Cetaceans are the top predators of the marine ecosystem in the Central and Western Pacific,and bycatch in tuna purse seine fisheries has been one of the most interesting hotspot in cetaceans conservation in recent years.In this study,the effects of two-type setting operations including free swimming school(FSC)and fish aggregation devices(FADs)on cetacean bycatch were analyzed by different fishing areas,by different fishing time,by months and years of setting,based on the data from the Chinese tuna purse-seine fishery in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean(N 10°—S 13°,E 144°—W 149°)from 2016 to 2019.A total of 15 species of cetaceans bycatch were recorded with total of 219 individuals.The results showed that the main distribution area of cetacean bycatch in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean was the Kiribati exclusive economic zones;the time period of cetacean bycatch under FSC operation was more evenly distributed and the difference was not significant(P>0.05),while the time period of cetacean bycatch under FADs operation was mainly concentrated in 16:00—19:00 and the difference was significant(P<0.05);the bycatch of cetaceans was high in January,July and November,and the variability of cetacean bycatch in different months under FSC operations and FADs operations were not significant(P>0.05);the average mortality rate of cetaceans caused by FSC and FADs operations was 43.04%and 33.33%,respectively,and the variability of cetacean mortality between the two operation methods was not significant(P>0.05),while there were some differences in bycatch mortality rates of different species affected by the two operations.The finding indicated the effects of FSC and FADs on cetacean bycatch and proposed recommendations for cetaceans conservation,aiming to provide a scientific reference for cetaceans conservation and management in the western and central Pacific Ocean.

关 键 词：中西部太平洋 鲸豚类 人工集鱼装置 误捕 围网 

分 类 号：S977[农业科学—捕捞与储运]