刑事二审的改判理由与功能检验  

The Reasons and Function Test of Criminal Second Instance

作　　者：涂龙科[1,2] Tu Longke

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院法学所 [2]上海市杨浦区人民检察院

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（诉讼法学、司法制度）》2022年第10期5-18,共14页

基　　金：叶必丰教授主持的2019年上海社会科学院法学所“法治中国的司法指数研究”课题阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：从判决书中提取的数据显示,刑事二审实践中共有41个据以改判的理由。在改判理由分类基础上的数据回归分析显示,二审改判中的一审控制因素比二审期间发生因素更大幅度地改变一审的刑期,但二审期间发生因素能显著地提高二审改判缓刑的几率。二审程序虽然程序要素不充分,但实质上发挥了纠错功能;二审程序虽然在客观上发挥了解释法律、统一法律适用的功能,但限于形式主义甚至机械主义的法律适用范畴。刑事和解、被告人谅解在41个改判理由中占比最高,法律因素和事实因素之外的其他因素导致改判缓刑的概率最大。刑事诉讼法修改之后,二审程序解决纠纷的功能得到进一步强化和凸显,二审功能呈现明显的法律现实主义色彩。The data extracted from the judgments shows that there are 41 reasons for reversing the original judgment in the second-instance criminal trial.The data regression analysis based on the classification of the reasons for the change of judgments shows that the control factors of the first instance change the judgment of the first instance more significantly than the factors occurring during the second instance,but the factors occurring during the second instance can significantly improve the probability of being commuted to the sentence of probation in the second instance.Although the procedural elements of the second-instance procedures are insufficient,it essentially plays the function of error correction.Although the procedures of second instance objectively plays the function of interpreting the law and unifying the application of law,it is limited to the application of law in a formal and even mechanical manner.Reconciliation and the defendant's understanding account for the largest proportion of the 41 reasons,and other factors other than legal and factual factors lead to the greatest probability of commuting the sentence to probation.The function of the second-instance procedures to resolve disputes has been further strengthened and highlighted,which reflects the attitude of legal realism in the second-instance trial after the amendment of the Criminal Procedure Law.

关 键 词：刑事二审 改判 二审功能 法律现实主义 数据回归分析 刑事诉讼法 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]