论法院在行政案件审理中的证明责任配置权  

Court's Allocation of Burden of Proof in the Trial of Administrative Cases

作　　者：陈锦波 Chen Jinbo

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学诉讼法学研究院 [2]福建师范大学教育政策与法治研究中心

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（诉讼法学、司法制度）》2022年第7期133-146,共14页

基　　金：北京市教育科学“十四五”规划2021年度青年专项课题“北京高校‘非升即走’聘用制改革的公法建构研究”(BFCA21118);中国政法大学青年教师学术创新团队“行政法典立法研究”(21CXTD07)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：行政案件中的证明责任配置权,是指将证明责任在行政案件当事人间加以合理分配的权力。学界通说认为,行政案件中的证明责任只能由立法机关来配置。然而,法院却已在现实地行使该项职权,而且这种权力的行使也已获得实定法的明确认可。这背后蕴含了对一般司法规律和行政诉讼制度特性的综合学理考量。质言之,赋予法院在行政诉讼具体案件中配置证明责任的权力有其事实、规范和学理上的依据。同时,结合我国法律移植的传统和当前所面临的法治实践状况,法院在行政案件中配置当事人间证明责任的权力又应有其限度。因此,我们应当坚持在实定法规定证明责任基本分配规则的前提下,赋予法院适度的证明责任配置权。The authority of allocating burdens of proof in administrative cases refers to the power to allocate the burden of proof among the parties during the administrative litigation.The well rounded viewpoint of academics argue that burdens of proof during the administrative litigation could only be allocated by the legislature.However,the court is actually excising that authority and obtains explicit legal acknowledgement.This contains a comprehensive theoretic consideration about the universal judicial disciplines and the characteristics of administrative litigation institution.In other words,giving courts the authority to allocate burdens of proof during the administrative litigation has its'experiential,legal and theoretic basis.Meanwhile,considering the tradition of legal transplantation and practice governed by law in China,the court's authority of allocating burdens of proof should also be limited.Hence,we may claim that the rules of allocating burdens of proof should be regulated by statute law when courts share some discretion.

关 键 词：行政诉讼 证明责任 证明责任配置权 实定法 

分 类 号：D925.3[政治法律—诉讼法学] D926.2[政治法律—法学]