论刑事被追诉人自行聘请律师的优先性——以罗尔斯的正义理论为分析框架  

On the Priority of a Lawyer Retained by the Accused: Analysis under the Framework of Rawls' Theory of Justice

作　　者：易延友[1] Yi Yanyou

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100084

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（诉讼法学、司法制度）》2022年第5期15-25,共11页

摘　　要：免费律师帮助权是基于平等原则对律师帮助权的一种再分配,这种再分配应当遵循罗尔斯正义论的两个基本原则:自由原则和最大最小化原则。其中第一个原则又优于第二个原则。根据自由原则,所有人平等地享有获得律师帮助权,但该项权利仅限于以自己的财产支付律师费用。根据最大最小化原则,免费律师帮助权只有分配给社会中最少受益者也就是经济困难者的时候,才是正当的。根据自由优先原则,不能以免费律师帮助权侵犯当事人自行聘请辩护律师的权利,也就是说当事人自行聘请辩护律师的权利具有优先性。司法实务中偶有以政府指派的法律援助律师取代和阻碍当事人自行聘请律师的现象,应当予以纠正。对未成年人,盲、聋、哑人,精神病人以及可能面临死刑、无期徒刑的人,固然可以为他们指派律师提供法律帮助,但如果上述人员不属于经济困难者,则应当要求其在享受相应服务后承担相应费用。在刑事案件律师辩护全覆盖背景下,也不能以指派法律援助律师的名义侵犯当事人自行辩护以及委托律师辩护的权利。The right to free counsel is a redistribution of the right to counsel based on the principle of equality,and such redistribution should follow two basic principles of Rawls'theory of justice:the Principle of Liberty and the Maximin Principle,in which the first one takes priority over the second one.According to the Liberty Principle,all people have the right to counsel equally,but the right is limited to the situation when a person pays for lawyers at one's own expense.According to the Maximin Principle,the right to free counsel is justified only when it is allocated to the least beneficiary in society,i.e.,the economically disadvantaged.According to the principle of priority of liberty,the right to free counsel cannot be used to violate the right of the accused to retain their own defense lawyers,that is to say,the right of the accused to retain their own defense lawyers takes priority.In judicial practice,occasionally the government-appointed legal aid lawyers are utilited to replace and hinder lawyers retained by the accused,which should be corrected.For minors,the blind,the deaf,the mute,mentally-ill people and those who may face the death penalty or life imprisonment,there is no doubt that lawyers may be appointed to provide legal assistance to them,but if the above-mentioned people are not economically disadvantaged,they should be required to bear the corresponding costs after enjoying the services.Under the background of full coverage of defense lawyers in criminal cases,it is not allowed to infringe the right of the accused to defense by oneself and to a lawyer retained on one's own in the name of appointing a legal aid lawyer.

关 键 词：免费律师帮助权 平等自由主义 最大最小化原则 必要辩护 自由优先 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学] D926.5[政治法律—法学] D091