短种植体和超短种植体单冠修复在不同骨质中受力情况的有限元分析  

Finite element analysis of stress of single crown supported by short and ultra-short implants in different bone types

作　　者：杨涛 张鹏 张林林 YANG Tao;ZHANG Peng;ZHANG Linlin(Department of Stomatology,Shenzhen Longgang ENT Hospital,Shenzhen 518172,China;Institute of Otorhinolaryngology,Shenzhen Longgang ENT Hospital,Shenzhen 518172,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市龙岗区耳鼻咽喉医院口腔科,广东深圳518172 [2]深圳市龙岗区耳鼻咽喉医院耳鼻咽喉研究所,广东深圳518172

出　　处：《安徽医学》2023年第3期268-273,共6页Anhui Medical Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:81700437)。

摘　　要：目的 通过有限元建模,分析短种植体和超短种植体支持的单冠在不同骨质中的受力情况并评估其临床适用性。方法 共建立12组有限元模型,包括2种直径(4.1 mm和4.8 mm)、3种长度(4 mm、6 mm、8 mm)和2种骨质(Ⅱ类骨和Ⅲ类骨),并选择下颌第一磨牙牙冠作为上部修复体,施加垂直向(152.8 N)、近远中向(31.2 N)和颊舌向(22.8 N)的载荷,计算皮质骨和松质骨的应变、应力以及种植体位移。结果 在下颌磨牙区Ⅱ类骨和Ⅲ类骨中,皮质骨和松质骨的最大应变随直径增加而降低,皮质骨应变降幅分别为22%和16%,松质骨应变降幅均为14%,随长度增加而降低,皮质骨应变降幅分别为7%和17%,松质骨应变降幅分别为29%和27%。在Ⅱ类骨中,皮质骨和松质骨最大应变均在生理限度内;在Ⅲ类骨中,除4.8 mm×8 mm组外,其他各组松质骨应变均超过生理限度;除4.1 mm×4 mm组外,其他各组皮质骨应变均在生理限度内。各组模型应力与应变呈正变关系,种植体最大位移均低于50μm。结论 在仅考虑下颌磨牙区不同骨质中的受力情况时,在Ⅱ类骨中,可以应用短种植体和超短种植体;在Ⅲ类骨中,需谨慎选择短种植体并采取降低咬合力的措施,不建议使用超短种植体。Objective To analyze the stress of single crown supported by short implant and ultra-short implant in different bone types via using finite element modeling and to evaluate its clinical applicability.Methods Twelve groups of bone models were established, including two diameters(4.1 mm and 4.8 mm), three lengths(4 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm) and two bone types(typeⅡ and type Ⅲ). The crown of mandibular first molar was selected as the upper prosthesis, axial(152.8N), mesiodistal(31.2N), and buccal-lingual(22.8N) loads were applied to calculate the strain and stress of cortical and cancellous bone, and the displacement of implants. Results The maximum strain of cortical bone and cancellous bone decreased with the increase of diameter in typeⅡand typeⅢ bones, the strain of cortical bone decreased by 22% and 16% respectively, and the strain of cancellous bone both decreased by 14%. Strain of cortical bone decreased by 7% and 17%, while strain of cancellous bone decreased by 29% and 27%, respectively. In typeⅡbone, the maximum strain of cortical bone and cancellous bone was within the physiological limit. In typeⅢ bone, the maximum strain of cancellous bone was above the physiological limit except for group 4.8 mm×8 mm. Except for the 4.1 mm×4 mm group, the strain of cortical bone in other groups was within the physiological limit. There was a positive relationship between stress and strain in each model, and the total displacement of implant was lower than 50 μm. Conclusions When considering the stress in different bones of mandibular molars, short and ultra-short implants can be used in typeⅡ bone. In type Ⅲ bone, short implants should be carefully selected and measures to reduce bite force should be taken, and ultra-short implants should not be recommended.

关 键 词：短种植体 超短种植体 有限元分析 下颌磨牙 

分 类 号：R783.6[医药卫生—口腔医学]