热带中西太平洋海域大眼金枪鱼摄食生态学  

Feeding ecology of Thunnus obesus in the tropical Western and Central Pacific Ocean

作　　者：石肖飞 武孝慈 王佚兮 王啸 石建高[5] 张健[1,2,3] SHI Xiaofei;WU Xiaoci;WANG Yixi;WANG Xiao;SHI Jiangao;ZHANG Jian(College of Marine Seiences,Shanghai Ocean Unirersity,Shanghai 201306,China;National Engneering Research Centre for Oceanic Fisheries,Shanghai Ocean Unicersity,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploiuation of Oteunie Fisheries Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai Ocean Uniersity,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Kai Chuang Dep Sea Fisheries Co.Ltd.,Shanghai 200082,China;East China Sea Fisheries Research Isttule Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 20090,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海海洋大学,上海201306 [3]大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海海洋大学,上海201306 [4]上海开创远洋渔业有限公司,上海200082 [5]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海200090

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2023年第1期49-59,共11页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31001138);国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD0900803);农业农村部全球重要鱼种资源动态监测评估项目。

摘　　要：为了解热带中西太平洋海域大眼金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)的摄食生态学特性,利用金枪鱼延绳钓作业方式,于2018年5月—2019年2月期间,对该海域(2°03′S~11°17′S、163°14′E~173°35′E)的682尾大眼金枪鱼进行了食性分析,并使用方差分析(ANOVA)和有序多元Logistic回归模型,结合圆形统计方法分析了叉长、性别、性腺指数等生物因素以及渔获水深、月相等时空因素对摄食生态位宽度和摄食强度的影响。结果表明:1)叉长范围在81~195 cm的大眼金枪鱼雌雄个体的性别比例为1∶1.85;2)空胃率为25.4%,而在非空胃的个体胃含物中,枪乌贼属(Loligo sp.)、虾类和沙丁鱼属(Sardina sp.)的出现频率较高,依次为40.3%、39.7%、30.1%;3)个体摄食强度以0~2级为主,空胃率随着叉长的增加而增加,高摄食强度的比例随着渔获水深的增加而增加;4)方差分析(ANOVA)结果显示,性别、叉长、月相等因素对Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H′和Pielou均匀度指数J均没有显著影响,但渔获水深对J具有显著影响(P=0.024);5)有序多元Logistic回归模型拟合结果显示,个体摄食强度随着叉长和性腺指数(P=0.030)的增加而减小,随着渔获水深的增加而增加(P=0.002),在满月阶段摄食强度较高而在新月前后摄食强度较低(边际显著,P=0.058)。Bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus,widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical waters of the Atlantic,Indian and Pacific oceans,is one of major targets of tuna longline fisheries of almost all countries.The Western and Central Pacific Ocean(WCPO)is the largest tuna fishing area in the world.Global climate change aggravates series of changes in the physical and chemical environment and marine ecosystems,as well as alters the abundance and distribution of marine key populations,which profoundly affects marine fisheries globally,especially for fisheries in the Western and Central Pacific.In addition,the increasing management measures for tuna fisheries by the relevant regional fisheries management organizations(RFMOs)have also caused changes in the distribution of fisheries.To understand the feeding ecological characteristics of Thunnus obesus can provide an invaluable reference for further studies on the biology,population structure and resource assessment,as well as scientific basis for conservation and management of Thunnus obesus resources in tropical WCPO.We collected Thunnus obesus from a tuna longline fishery operating in the tropical WCPO(2°03′S-11°17′S,163°14′E-173°35′E)between May 2018 and February 2019.All samples were dissected and measured for fisheries biology.A visual method was used to observe the gastric fullness of sampled Thunnus obesus to identify and count individual gastric contents,the feeding ecological indicators such as gastric diversity(Shannon-Wiener diversity index H′and Pielou evenness index J)of sampled individuals were also analyzed.On this basis,analysis of variance(ANOVA)was used to investigate the effects of biological factors(fork length,sex,gonadosomatic index)and spatio-temporal factors(lunar phase and fishing depth)on the Shannon-Wiener diversity index H′and Pielou evenness index J of the stomach contents of both sexes of Thunnus obesus.In addition,the polytomous logistic regression for the ordinal response model was used to analyze the relationship between diffe

关 键 词：热带中西太平洋 大眼金枪鱼 摄食强度 生态位宽度 月相 渔获水深 

分 类 号：S931.3[农业科学—渔业资源]