论区块链存证在侦查监督中的应用——基于“权利保障”与“秘密侦查”的衡平  

On Application of Evidence Storage in Block Chain in Investigation Supervision——Based on the Balance of “Rights Protection” and “Secret Investigation”

作　　者：韩康 Han Kang(School of Law,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237)

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学法学院,上海200237

出　　处：《河南财经政法大学学报》2023年第2期124-134,共11页Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law

基　　金：2022年中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金支持项目“‘智慧法院’建设中的审判程序研究”(项目编号:JKT012022001)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：区块链存证能够保证上链储存的电子数据不被篡改,为法官审查和采信电子数据提供了技术支持。侦查监督要兼顾“权利保障”与“秘密侦查”,在维护犯罪嫌疑人诉讼权利的同时保障侦查活动的顺利开展。现阶段,侦查监督的形式主要是结果监督,由检察机关、人民法院在审查起诉程序和审判程序中对侦查行为的合法性进行事后审查。区块链存证技术可以对侦查行为进行同步、完整的记录,并且通过分布式储存的方式避免电子证据被篡改,使侦查行为能够在事后被还原,从而在一定程度上打破侦查程序的封闭性,为侦查监督创造条件。在技术路径上,侦查监督中的区块链存证系统应采用区块链2.0版本的技术,通过智能合约对办案人员形成约束,排除证据形成过程中的人为干扰。同时采取“联盟链”的部署模式,兼顾分布式储存与数据保密的需求。区块链存证在侦查监督中的应用要循序渐进地推进,首先应用于讯问程序的见证、文书令状签发与执行的监督以及网络取证的记录。此外,法律应对于链上数据的校验、使用和处理进行必要的程序控制,规避区块链应用的风险。Evidence storage in blockchain can ensure that the electronic data stored on the chain is not tampered with, which provides technical support for judges to review and accept electronic data.Investigation supervision should take into consideration both “rights protection” and “secret investigation”,so as to ensure the smooth development of investigation activities while safeguarding the litigation rights of criminal suspects.At the present stage, the form of investigation supervision is mainly result supervision, that is, the procuratorial organs and the people’s courts conduct post-examination of the legality of the investigation in the prosecution and trial procedures.Blockchain storage technology can synchronously and completely record the investigation behavior, and avoid tampering with electronic evidence through distributed storage, so that the investigation behavior can be restored afterwards, so as to break the closure of the investigation procedure to a certain extent and create conditions for the investigation supervision.In the technical path, the blockchain storage system in the investigation supervision should adopt the blockchain version 2.0 technology, form constraints on the case investigators through the smart contract, and eliminate the human interference in the process of evidence formation.At the same time, the deployment mode of “alliance chain” is adopted, taking into account the needs of distributed storage and data confidentiality.The application of evidendce storage in blockchain in investigation supervision should be promoted step by step.It should first be applied to the witness of interrogation procedures, the supervision of the issuance and execution of document writ, and the record of network forensics.In addition, the law should carry out the necessary procedural control for the verification, use and processing of the data on the chain to avoid the risks of the blockchain application.

关 键 词：区块链存证 侦查监督 秘密侦查 非法证据排除 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]