单细胞转录组测序在少突胶质谱系细胞异质性与神经系统疾病中的应用  

Application of single-cell RNA sequencing in probing oligodendroglia heterogeneity and neurological disorders

作　　者：韩熙 罗富成 Xi Han;Fucheng Luo(State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research and Institute of Primate Translational Medicine,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学灵长类转化医学研究院,省部共建非人灵长类生物医学国家重点实验室,昆明650500

出　　处：《遗传》2023年第3期198-211,共14页Hereditas（Beijing)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金-地区基金(编号:82060234);云南省基础研究计划项目(编号:202101BE070001-065);云南省科技厅科技人才与平台计划(编号:202005AE160019)资助。

摘　　要：少突胶质细胞是中枢神经系统中形成髓鞘的高度特化的胶质细胞,由少突胶质前体细胞分化而来。长期以来,围绕少突胶质谱系细胞开展的研究主要集中在少突胶质细胞发育、髓鞘形成以及少突胶质谱系细胞在神经系统疾病中的作用等。新兴的单细胞转录组测序技术可以在转录组层面鉴定出特定类型细胞,为少突胶质谱系细胞的研究提供助力。本综述主要关注常见单细胞测序技术的发展以及它们在少突胶质细胞功能异质性和神经系统疾病研究中的应用,并对已取得的成果进行总结阐述,为单细胞测序技术在中枢神经系统疾病中少突胶质谱系细胞相关研究的应用和开发提供思路和参考。In the central nervous system,oligodendrocytes are highly specialized myelinating glial cells that originate from oligodendrocyte precursor cells.In the past,research centered on the oligodendrocyte development,myelination,and the role of oligodendrocyte lineage in neurological disorders.The emerging single-cell RNA sequencing technology is a new tool to specifically identify cell-types at the transcriptome level,and recently have also been used to investigate oligodendrocyte lineage-related issues.In this review,we summarize the recent developments of single-cell RNA sequencing technologies and their application in the oligodendroglia heterogeneity and neurological disorders,thereby providing new ideas and references for the utilization of single-cell RNA sequencing technology in the research field of oligodendrocyte lineage and neurological disorders.

关 键 词：少突胶质细胞 单细胞转录组测序 细胞异质性 神经系统疾病 

分 类 号：R741[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]