10—14世纪中国死刑司法适用问题研究  

Study on the Judicial Application of Death Penalty in China in the 10th—14th Century

作　　者：胡兴东[1] HU Xingdong(College of Law Yunnan University,Kunming,Yunnan,China 650091)

机构地区：[1]云南大学法学院,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《内蒙古师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第6期92-103,共12页Journal of Inner Mongolia Normal University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：宋辽金元四朝的死刑适用基本特征是继承唐朝的司法原则。在具体司法中,四个王朝通过各种程序机制进行约束,让死刑适用,特别是执行数量得到有效控制。宋朝虽然在立法上,死罪数量出现较大规模的增加,但国家通过设置多种程序机制仍然对死刑实际执行数量进行了有效控制。辽金元三朝政权建立者虽然属于北方少数民族,但在死刑立法上,依然以唐律为基准,通过对唐律全面的继承和移植,改造了各自民族历史中形成的不适合时代发展的死刑内容。辽金两朝在死刑司法上,体现出浓厚的唐宋死刑法律制度的特征,特别是唐朝化倾向。辽金两朝在死刑适用程序上,虽然没有形成宋朝那种复杂的适用程序,但也创制出一些特殊程序。元朝不仅在立法上死罪数量减少,在适用上也予以减少。这与元朝在继承唐宋时期死罪分类体系后再创制出新分类体系和新替代刑——籍流刑有关。The basic feature of death penalty application in Song, Liao, Jin and Yuan dynasties was to inherit the judicial principles of Tang Dynasty. In the specific justice, the four dynasties restricted the application of death penalty through various procedural mechanisms, especially the number of executions. Although the number of capital crimes increased in a large scale in the Song Dynasty, the number of actual execution of death penalty was still effectively controlled through a variety of procedural mechanisms. Although the founders of the Liao, Jin and Yuan dynasties belonged to the northern minorities, they still took the Tang law as the benchmark in the legislation of death penalty, and reformed the content of death penalty which was not suitable for the development of the times in their respective national history by inheriting and transplanting the Tang law in an all-round way. Liao and Jin Dynasties reflected the characteristics of the death penalty legal system in Tang and Song dynasties, especially the tendency of Tang Dynasty. Although there was no complicated procedure of death penalty application in Liao and Jin dynasties, some special procedures were created. In the Yuan Dynasty, not only the number of capital crimes decreased in legislation, but also in application. This is related to the Yuan Dynasty in inheriting the classification system of capital crimes in Tang and Song dynasties, and then creating a new classification system and a new alternative punishment-exile.

关 键 词：死刑 替代刑 唐律 宋辽金元 

分 类 号：K24[历史地理—历史学]