对立中的统一:利奥波德的占有观与环境伦理  

Consistency in the Contradiction:Leopold's View on Possession and Environmental Ethics

作　　者：徐天戍 XU Tianshu(University of Science and Technology of China;Hefei University)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学人文与社会科学学院 [2]合肥学院外国语学院

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2023年第1期84-92,共9页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：安徽省哲学社会科学规划项目“生态实践目标下利奥波德的土地共同体思想研究”(AHSKQ2020D186)。

摘　　要：美国“环境伦理之父”奥尔多·利奥波德在其自然文学写作中毫不掩饰地表达了对“占有”的热衷,这一做法与西方环境伦理学对“占有”的批判形成反差,同时也与其自身倡导的土地伦理思想存在矛盾。利奥波德令读者颇感不安的“占有”主要体现在他对“巨大的财产”的书名选择以及广泛使用的所有格代词上,但基于文本分析发现,利奥波德占有的“财产”绝非物质意义上的支配对象,其占有观在跨越了早期的消极占有后,转向对征服性占有的批判,再到对积极占有涵义的拓展。在人与自然的关系中,他不反对拥有所有权,但更看重占有者与占有物之间的伦理关系。他认为,占有对方的同时也被对方占有,而这种相互的占有需要爱、义务、责任的维系。利奥波德的环境伦理思想经历了从功利保护观到整体生态观的转变,并最终形成了强调权利与义务并重的土地伦理观,其占有观与其环境伦理思想的发展具有内在统一性。对利奥波德占有观进行准确辨析,能够为当前环境保护提供更具辩护性的伦理基础。In his nature writing,Aldo Leopold,the“father of environmental ethics”in the United States,unabashedly expresses her passion for“possession”,which contrasts with the critique of“possession”in Western environmental ethics and is also contradictory to his own land ethics.Leopold's disconcerting“possession”for readers is mainly reflected in the book title,“Great Possessions”,and his frequent use of possessive pronouns.However,a textual analysis reveals that Leopold's“possession”of property is not in the material sense,but rather his views on possession evolve from a focus on the negative sense of possession at the early stage to a critique of conquering possession,and then to the connotation expansion of positive possession.In the relationship between human and nature,he does not oppose the concept of ownership,but attaches more importance to the ethical relationship between the possessor and the possessed.He believes that while possessing the other,one is also possessed by the other,and this mutual possession requires the maintenance of love,obligation,and responsibility.Leopold's environmental ethics has undergone a transformation from utilitarian conservationism to a holistic ecological perspective,and ultimately formed his land ethics that emphasizes both rights and obligations.Leopold's view of possession is consistent with the development of his environmental ethics.An accurate analysis of Leopold's view of possession can provide a more defensible ethical basis for current environmental protection.

关 键 词：奥尔多·利奥波德 占有 财产 所有权 环境伦理 

分 类 号：B82-058[哲学宗教—伦理学]