刑法规范二重性视阈下犯罪故意的认定  

Determination of Criminal Intent from the Perspective of Duality of Criminal Law Norms

作　　者：童伟华[1] Tong Weihua

机构地区：[1]海南大学法学院

出　　处：《法学》2023年第3期66-82,共17页Law Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“刑法规范二重性视阈下存疑有利被告人研究”(编号:20FFXB71)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：尽管刑法规范具有二重性,但根据立法目的、法益保护方式及刑法机能、运行模式等,刑法首先是行为规范,其次才是裁判规范。基于裁判规范的属性、内容和运行机制,司法工作者根据事后认定的客观要件事实推定犯罪故意,容易忽视犯罪故意的内涵属性,得出不合理的结论。行为规范视阈下,司法工作者会基于一般人的立场,从行为人行为时意思出发,判断对其有无非难的可能性,有利于发挥刑法的行为规制机能及判断行为人的规范意识,贯彻责任主义原则和培育公众对刑法的信仰,可以克服单一裁判规范视阈下犯罪故意认定的问题。应当基于刑法规范二重性视阈,兼顾事后和事前的判断,根据一般人的立场,考虑行为人个人情况、行为实施的样态方式和背景等因素认定犯罪故意。Although criminal law norms have duality, according to the legislative purpose, the protection of legal interests, and the function and operation mode of criminal law, criminal law is firstly a behavior norm and secondly a judgment norm. Based on the properties, contents and operation mechanism of the adjudicative norms, the judiciary presume criminal intent based on the objective element facts determined afterwards, which is easy to ignore the connotative properties of criminal intent and reach unreasonable conclusions.Under the threshold of behavioral norms, the judiciary will judge whether there is a possibility of criticism based on the general human position and the intention of the perpetrator at the time of the act. Which is conducive to the exercise of the behavioral regulation function of criminal law and the judgment of the perpetrator’s awareness of norms. Which is useful to the implementation of the principle of accountability and the cultivation of public faith in criminal law, and can overcome the problems of criminal intent under the threshold of single judgment norm.Based on the duality of criminal law norms, we should take into account both expost and exante judgments, and determine criminal intent based on the position of the general public, taking into account the personal situation of the perpetrator, the manner and context in which the act was committed, and other factors.

关 键 词：裁判规范 行为规范 犯罪故意 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]