为青年卢卡奇的自然观“辩护”——兼论辩证法的主体意蕴  

Arguing for Young Lukács’ View of Nature——Subjectivity of Dialectics

作　　者：潘智璇 PAN Zhixuan(School of Marxism,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学马克思主义学院,北京100871

出　　处：《上海理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第1期64-69,共6页Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology：Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：“自然是一个社会范畴”最为鲜明地表达了卢卡奇的自然观。而学界就此认为卢卡奇“只见社会,不见自然”的观点蕴含着“以苏解马”的思维范式。只有回归《历史与阶级意识》论述自然概念的实际语境,才能破除这一“幻象”。青年卢卡奇视域中的自然概念具有三重意蕴,不仅深刻揭示了资本主义社会内部的分裂和对立,也为工人解放指出了实践的路径。卢卡奇的自然观建立在其自然概念的地基上,对其自然观的探讨要深入到存在论根基。通过回应“自然还是社会”的哲学总问题与“自然辩证法还是历史辩证法”的具体问题,从总体性、过程性与目的性三个维度把握其自然观中辩证法主体思想的核心要义,目的在于正确理解卢卡奇对恩格斯的批判,并科学地得出马克思与恩格斯并不存在对立的结论。“Nature is a social category” is Lukács’ view of nature, which impressed the academia that Lukács only emphasized the society and didn’ t pay attention to nature, believing his “ understanding Marxism through the Soviet mode”. Only by considering the actual context of his concept of nature can the “fallacy” be broken. In fact, Young Lukács concept of nature has three meanings, which not only profoundly reveals division and opposition within the capitalist society, but also points out the practical path for the liberation of workers. Lukács’ view of nature is based on his natural concept, and the discussion of his view of nature should be deeply rooted in the philosophical ontology. In response to the fundamental problem of “nature or society” and the specific problem of “natural dialectics or historical dialectics”, it is proposed to comprehend the core principle of the dialectical subjectivity thought from the three dimensions totality, processibility and teleology, aiming to correctly understand Lukács’ criticism of Engels, and scientifically draw the conclusion that Marx and Engels does not oppose each other.

关 键 词：青年卢卡奇 自然观 辩证法 主体性 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]