江汉平原水域空间格局时空演变特征及其驱动因素分析  

The spatial- temporal characteristics and driving forces analysis of water area landscape pattern changes on the Jianghan Plain

作　　者：唱彤 郦建强[1] 郭旭宁 李云玲 CHANG Tong;LI Jianqiang;GUO Xuning;LI Yunling(General Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design,Ministry of Water Resources of P.R.China,Beijing 100120,China)

机构地区：[1]水利部水利水电规划设计总院,北京100120

出　　处：《水科学进展》2023年第1期21-32,共12页Advances in Water Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目资助(2018YFC0407206)。

摘　　要：为从景观生态角度揭示江汉平原水域空间变化和影响因素,利用GIS和生态统计技术,通过土地利用转移、空间自相关、景观指数和冗余分析等方法,对2000—2020年江汉平原水域空间格局演变及其驱动因素进行研究。结果表明:2000—2020年,由于人造地挤占耕地、耕地挤占水域空间,江汉平原水域面积减少了36%;水域全局和局部莫兰指数变化明显,边界密度急剧减小,四湖流域等局部水域空间聚集度和连通性显著下降;降水、气温以及耕地和人造地解释了水域景观变化的45.8%,其中降水和气温影响微弱,连片耕地侵占是水域面积减少的主要原因之一,人造地对水域破碎化贡献更大更直接。2000年以来江汉平原水域面积变化显著,分布趋于破碎,形状复杂度和连通性降低,表征农业活动和城镇化的耕地和人造地对水域景观格局影响更为剧烈。In order to explore the dynamic changes regarding water landscape patterns on the Jianghan Plain and their respective driving factors from 2000 to 2020,research was carried out using transition matrix analysis, spatial autocorrelation analysis, landscape metrics analysis and redundancy analysis, applying both GIS and multivariate statistics techniques.Results show that the surface area of water on the Jianghan Plain has decreased by 36% from 2000 to 2020,as a result of farmlands being reclaimed for urbanized purposes, and water-areas then being reclaimed for use as farmlands.Indices of Global Moran′s I and Anselin Local Moran′s I show a distinct change, and water-area edge density have dropped dramatically.Spatial aggregation and connectivity of water-area of some regions such as the Sihu catchment have shown a significant decrease.45.8% of the changes to the water landscape patterns are a result of precipitation, temperature, and farmlands and artificial surfaces.Of these, precipitation and temperature factors only show a negligible contribution to the overall changes, the contiguous cultivated land has proven to be one of the main causes of the reduction in water landscape areas, while artificial surfaces show a large and direct contribution to the fragmentation of water bodies.During the last two decades, the changes to the water landscape area on the Jianghan Plain is evident, both shape complexity and connectivity have decreased along with a trend towards fragmentation, cultivated lands and artificial surfaces used for agricultural activities and urbanized purposes have severely affected water landscape patterns.

关 键 词：水域空间 空间自相关 景观格局演变 冗余分析 江汉平原 

分 类 号：X24[环境科学与工程—环境科学] P96[天文地球—自然地理学]