新入海水沙情势下的黄河口沙嘴动态响应  

Dynamic response of the Yellow River estuarine sandspit to new water and sediment regimes

作　　者：凡姚申 窦身堂[1] 王万战[1] 王广州 陈沈良[2] 姬泓宇 李鹏[2] FAN Yaoshen;DOU Shentang;WANG Wanzhan;WANG Guangzhou;CHEN Shenliang;JI Hongyu;LI Peng(Key Laboratory of Lower Yellow River Channel and Estuary Regulation of MWR,Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Zhengzhou 450003,China;State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水利科学研究院水利部黄河下游河道与河口治理重点实验室,河南郑州450003 [2]华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室,上海200241

出　　处：《水科学进展》2023年第1期63-75,共13页Advances in Water Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(U2243207,52079056)。

摘　　要：河口沙嘴位居河海动力交互区,对水沙变化的响应速度快。为了解近期黄河入海水沙情势及其影响下的河口沙嘴演变规律,基于高分辨率卫星数据和水文资料,运用统计学方法进行分析探讨。结果表明:(1) 1999年以来入海水沙延续偏枯态势,变化过程由线性向周期性波动转变,波动周期为6~8 a, 2018—2021年处于波动上升期;(2) 2018年以来,河口沙嘴北、东汊道交替成为淤积主体,河长年均延伸0.7 km,沙嘴年均造陆16.9 km2;(3)尽管偏少的来水来沙条件不利于三角洲整体的向海淤积,但极端径流带来的强烈泥沙输移入海仍然会使河口沙嘴面积增加;(4)现阶段的汊道格局减缓了河长延伸但加快了沙嘴造陆,对于长期稳定清水沟流路起到积极作用,但当前不利于河口湿地生态安全。The estuarine sandspit is in the river-sea interaction zone, where it shows fast responses to changes in water and sediment volumes.High-resolution satellite and hydrological data were used to analyze the current Yellow River water and sediment regime and the evolution of the estuarine sandspit.The results show that:(1) The water and sediment input into the sea have continuously decreased since 1999,and its transport has changed from linear to periodic fluctuations, with a fluctuation period of 6—8 a.It is in a rising period from 2018 to 2021.From 2018 to 2021,the water and sediment input have increased.(2) Since 2018,the northern and eastern branches of the estuarine sandspit have alternately become the main body of siltation with an average river extension length of 0.7 km, and an average land creation zone of the sandspit with an area of 16.9 km~2.(3) Even though less water and sediment entering the delta are not conducive to the seaward deposition of the delta, the area of estuarine the sandspit will still increase due to the strong sediment transport into the sea brought on by extreme runoff.(4) The branching pattern slows down along the length of the river extension, but the land creation in sandspit is speeding up.These factors positively affect the long-term stability of the Qingshui channel.However, it is not conducive to the ecological security of the estuary wetland.

关 键 词：水沙情势 河长延伸 沙嘴造陆 流路稳定 黄河口 

分 类 号：TV122[水利工程—水文学及水资源]