三江源7个糙毛以礼草植物学形态及遗传多样性分析  

Botanical morphology and genetic diversity analysis of seven Kengyilia hirsuta germplasms in the areas of Sanjiangyuan

作　　者：任建东 王晓醒 马晓岗 马瑞强 李长慧[2] REN Jiandong;WANG Xiaoxing;MA Xiaogang;MA Ruiqiang;LI Changhui(Beijing Green Bio Technology Limited Company,Beijing 100081,China;Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Collage of Qinghai University,Xining 810016,Qinghai,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100010,China)

机构地区：[1]北京绿氮生物科技有限公司,北京100081 [2]青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁810016 [3]中国农科院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《草业科学》2023年第1期249-257,共9页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：青海省科技厅基础研究计划(20119-ZJ-7041);国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1000101)。

摘　　要：通过对三江源地区的7份糙毛以礼草(Kengyilia hirsuta)穗部性状指标主成分分析、染色体组核型分析及标签-简单序列重复(EST-SSR)分子标记分析,旨在阐明糙毛以礼草种质的形态学差异及种质间遗传多样性,为牧草育种和麦类作物改良提供理论依据。结果表明:糙毛以礼草的不同穗部性状间的变异系数差异较大,其中桴毛的差异最大;在穗部大小及密度、小穗特征是引起差异的3个主成分,颖长、稃毛长、穗长、穗宽指标是造成糙毛以礼草形态性状差异的主要因素;海晏糙毛以礼草的种质内差异最大。7份糙毛以礼草种质均为六倍体,染色体数目为42条,中部着丝点染色体为主要染色体类型;在不同类型的着丝点染色体数目、有无随体上表现出了丰富的多态性;核型指标多样性丰富,其中贵德糙毛以礼草、海晏糙毛以礼草为2C型,其余种质均为2B型;共和糙毛以礼草进化程度最高,海晏糙毛以礼草次之,莫湘滩糙毛以礼草最低。在EST-SSR多样性分析中,海晏糙毛以礼草和刚察糙毛以礼草两个种质与其他种质遗传距离相对较远。The principal component analysis of panicle traits, karyotype analysis, and EST-SSR molecular marker analysis were carried out on seven Kengyilia hirsuta materials in the areas of Sanjiangyuan. This was done to reveal the genetic diversity and morphological difference of K. hirsuta germplasms, and provide a theoretical basis for forage breeding and wheat crop improvement. The results showed that the variation coefficients of different panicle characters of K. hirsuta were different, and the variation in K. hirsuta was the largest. Spike size, spike density, and spikelet characteristics were the three main factors causing the difference. Glume length, lemma length, spike length, and spike width were the main factors behind the different morphological characters. The difference observed in the germplasm of Haiyan K. hirsuta was the largest. The seven K. hirsuta materials all were hexaploid, with 42 chromosomes, and the central centromeric chromosome was the main chromosome type. There were abundant polymorphisms in different types of centromeric chromosome numbers whether or not there were chaperones present. The diversity of karyotype indexes was rich, among which Guide K. hirsuta and Haiyan K. hirsuta were the 2C type, and the other germplasms were the 2B type. The evolution degree of Gonghe’s was the highest,that of Haiyan’s was the second highest, and that of Moxiangtan’s was the lowest. In the EST-SSR diversity analysis, the genetic distance between Haiyan K. hirsuta and Gangcha K. hirsuta were relatively far from that of other germplasms.

关 键 词：糙毛以礼草 穗部性状分析 核型分析 EST-SSR 种质资源 进化趋势 遗传距离 

分 类 号：S543.9[农业科学—作物学]