长江演化百年谜题:回溯与进展  

A CENTENNIAL PUZZLE OF THE EVOLUTION OF THE YANGTZE RIVER:RETROSPECTION AND PROGRESSES

作　　者：郭汝军 魏传义[2] 李长安[1,3] 张玉芬[4] 李亚伟[1,5] 孙习林 张增杰 冷勇辉 苏建超 李国鼐 吕凌云 陈旭 丁智强[8] GUO Ru-jun;WEI Chuan-yi;LI Chang-an;ZHANG Yu-fen;LI Ya-wei;SUN Xi-lin;ZHANG Zeng-jie;LENG Yong-hui;SU Jian-chao;LI Guo-nai;Lü Ling-yun;CHEN Xu;DING Zhi-qiang(School of Geography and Information Engineering,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics,Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing 100029,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;College of Tourism and Planning,Pingdingshan University,Pingdingshan 467000,China;Faculty of Resources and Environment Science,Hubei University,Wuhan 430062,China;School of Earth Science and Engineering,Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China;School of Tourism and Geographical Sciences,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉),地理与信息工程学院,武汉430074 [2]中国地震局地质研究所,地震动力学国家重点实验室,北京100029 [3]中国地质大学(武汉),流域关键带演化湖北省重点实验室,武汉430074 [4]中国地质大学(武汉),地球物理与空间信息学院,武汉430074 [5]平顶山学院,旅游与规划学院,平顶山467000 [6]湖北大学,资源环境学院,武汉430062 [7]中山大学,地球科学与工程学院,广州510275 [8]云南师范大学,旅游与地理科学学院,昆明650500

出　　处：《地震地质》2023年第1期1-28,共28页Seismology and Geology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41671011,42171008,42002203)资助。

摘　　要：长江的形成标志着中国地貌格局的形成与东亚现代地貌格局的建立。文中简述了百余年间长江演化研究的主要争论,梳理了近20年来将物源示踪方法应用于长江演化研究的进展及得到的启示。通过对长江流域的典型沉积体系:包括上游昔格达组、剑川盆地、中下游砾石层、江汉盆地、长江三角洲钻孔沉积及边缘海盆地(莺歌海盆地、中国台湾岛)的物源示踪结果进行归纳梳理,笔者认为:1)长江演化争论的焦点问题依旧是三峡贯通和石鼓第一弯的形成,但争论的问题已拓宽至古水系模式、侵蚀-沉积过程、夷平面形成等诸多问题。2)三峡贯通和石鼓第一弯形成的时代尚未取得共识,即长江的形成时代和过程还存在争论。长江中下游砾石层和江汉盆地沉积物具有复杂的源区供应,仅依靠碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学无法有效区分长江上游的物源信号;江汉盆地和长江三角洲钻孔沉积记录对于三峡贯通的初始信号仍未达成一致;剑川盆地和昔格达组沉积物的年代及其物源意义对于金沙江南流(东流)的指示意义存在广泛争论;海洋沉积约束长江和红河水系演化模式的物源信号也存在争议。3)在长江流域各沉积盆地进行物源研究时,建议加强海陆沉积对比。从地貌-构造演化-沉积古地理-气候变迁的角度,将能更加全面地重建长江演化的历史。The evolution history of the great rivers is one of the most important subjects in earth science,especially,the capture events and changes of great rivers which originate from the inner area of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau and flow into the ocean are hot problems for geomorphology and geology.The Yangtze River is a representative river link with the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau and the Pacific Ocean,formation of the Yangtze River is considered an important mark ofthe Chinese landscape formation and the establishment of the modern geomorphic pattern of the East Asia.The evolution of the Yangtze River is closely linked to the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau and the birth of the margin seas and monsoon evolution.In this study,we concluded the main debates on the evolution of the Yangtze River for more than one century,and the progresses of provenance analysis applied to the continental and sea basins of the Yangtze River in the past two decades.We collected the provenance analysis results from typical sedimentary depositions in the Yangtze River catchment,including the Xigeda Formation in the Panzhihua-Xichang area of the upper reaches,Cenozoic sedimentary of the Jianchuan Basin which is near the First Bend of Shigu,Gravel Layers in the middle and lower reaches,borehole sediment of the Jianghan Basin and Yangtze River Delta,and sediment of the marginal sea basins(Yinggehai Basin,Taiwan Island).We conclude that:1)the debates on the evolution of the Yangtze River are still focused on two questions:when the Three Gorges was formed and whether south flowed off the palaeo-Jinsha River in the First Bend of the Shigu,but the debates have extended to the palaeo-drainage model in East Asia during the Cenozoic period,geomorphic formation history and exhumation-deposition process of the SE Tibet,high elevation-low relief surface formation in the SE margin of the Tibet and many important issues.2)There is no consensus regarding the formation time and process of the Three Gorges and the First Bend,the formation time,process,and

关 键 词：长江演化 争论与进展 物源示踪 长江三峡 长江第一弯 

分 类 号：P597[天文地球—地球化学]